Comparison of proposed electrochemical method with different previously reported analytical methods for the detection of Sb3+a.
| Methods | Material | Sensitivity | LDR | LOD | LOQ | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UV-Vis spectroscopy/PLS | Pyrogallol as complexing agent | — | 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−4 M | 39 800 nM | — | González et al.46 |
| UV-Vis spectroscopy/CPE | DCHNAQ-CTAB | — | 1.6 × 10−9 to 1.6 × 10−7 M | 0.45 nM | 1.51 nM | El-Sharjawy et al.47 |
| Spectrofluorimetry | 2ClRAAP | — | 1.6 × 10−9 to 8.2 × 10−8 M | 1.35 nM | — | Yu et al.49 |
| SPE-ETAAS | APDC/carbon nanotubes | — | 4.1 × 10−10 to 3.28 × 10−8 M | 0.41 nM | — | López-García et al.51 |
| ICP-OES | Immobilized l-proline | — | 0.0–4.1 × 10−7 M | 0.74 nM | — | Menegário et al.56 |
| HPLC-HG-AFS | Anion exchange column PRP-X100 | — | 4.1 × 10−9 to 1.6 × 10−6 M | 0.574 nM | — | De Gregori et al.58 |
| Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry | Morin/SMDE | — | 1.0 × 10−9 to 3.0 × 10−7 M | 0.7 nM | — | Zhou et al.59 |
| Anodic stripping voltammetry | Pot. ferrocyanide/SPGE | — | 8.2 × 10−9 to 7.47 × 10−6 M | 4.76 nM | — | V. Kolliopoulos et al.60 |
| Square wave voltammetry | HMDE | — | 4.1 × 10−9 to 6.5 × 10−8 M | 1.0 nM | — | Locatelli et al.61 |
| Potentiometric | p-DMPF/HMDE | — | 8.2 × 10−8 to 4.1 × 10−7 M | 0.40 nM | — | Zhang et al.62 |
| I–V method NDNA/nafion/GCE | NDNA/nafion/GCE | 12.658 × 10 −4 μA μM −1 cm −2 | 1.0 × 10 −10 to 0.01 M | 0.075 nM | 0.25 nM | This work |
PLS = partial least squares; CPE = cloud point extraction; DCHNAQ-CTAB = 3-dichloro-6-(3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo)quinoxaline-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; SPE-ETAAS = solid-phase extraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; APDC = ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate; ICP-OES = inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; 2ClRAAP = 3-o-chlorophenyl-5-(2-arsenoxylphenylazo) rhodanine; HPLC-HG-AFS = high-performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection; SMDE = static mercury drop electrode; SPGE = screen printed graphite electrode; p-DMPF = p-dimethyl-aminophenyl-fluorone; HMDE = hanging mercury drop electrode; NDNA = 1′-(-(naphthalene-2,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol); GCE = glassy carbon electrode.