Geometric parameters of iron-doped HA samples.
| Samples (in % Fe doping) | Williamson Hall method | TEM (particle diameter in nm) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UDM | USDM | UDEDM | |||||
| D (in nm) | Strain (ε) | D (in nm) | Stress (σ) (in TPa) | D (in nm) | Strain energy (μ) (in MJ m−3) | ||
| 0 | 7.21 | — | 7.21 | — | 7.2 | — | 6 |
| 2 | 6.20 | −0.75 | 6.01 | −5.09 | 6.92 | 1.87 | 5.84 |
| 4 | 4.01 | −1.72 | 5.61 | −10.27 | 4.90 | 8.01 | 5.5 |
| 6 | 3.72 | −1.92 | 5.16 | −11.99 | 4.54 | 10.76 | 5.01 |
| 8 | 3.63 | −2.03 | 5.03 | −13.07 | 4.45 | 12.17 | 4.7 |
| 10 | 3.26 | −2.34 | 4.40 | −15.58 | 3.88 | 17.35 | 4.3 |