Table 3.
General Estimating Equation (GEE) model predicting correct mask use and distancing
| Masking Model |
Distancing Model |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age | ||||
| Toddler | 0.09 (0.06,0.14) | <.0001 | 0.33 (0.23,0.47) | <.0001 |
| Child | 0.59 (0.45,0.76) | <.0001 | 0.31 (0.24,0.40) | <.0001 |
| Teen | 0.82 (0.63,1.06) | 0.1335 | 0.50 (0.42,0.60) | <.0001 |
| Adult | 0.74 (0.65,0.83) | <.0001 | 0.80 (0.75,0.85) | <.0001 |
| Seniors | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Non–Hispanic White | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Non–Hispanic Black/African American | 1.57 (1.14,2.16) | 0.0056 | 1.44 (1.25,1.65) | <.0001 |
| Non–Hispanic Asian | 2.80 (2.48,3.15) | <.0001 | 1.01 (0.90,1.13) | 0.8635 |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 1.51 (1.30,1.75) | <.0001 | 0.82 (0.71,0.95) | 0.0067 |
| Unknown/unable to determine | 1.74 (1.37,2.20) | <.0001 | 0.91 (0.78,1.07) | 0.2777 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Female | 1.50 (1.43,1.57) | <.0001 | 0.76 (0.70,0.81) | <.0001 |
| Non–Binary/Unknown | 0.97 (0.67,1.40) | 0.8704 | 0.86 (0.50,1.48) | 0.5795 |
| Physical Activity | ||||
| Sedentary | 1.35 (0.90,2.03) | 0.1420 | 0.33 (0.23,0.49) | <.0001 |
| Moderate | 2.63 (1.76,3.93) | <.0001 | 0.39 (0.26,0.59) | <.0001 |
| Vigorous | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Group* | ||||
| Not in a group | 1.81 (0.79,4.13) | 0.1609 | - | - |
| Group of 2 | 1.66 (0.67,4.09) | 0.2710 | - | - |
| Group of 3 to 5 | 1.57 (0.64,3.84) | 0.3210 | - | - |
| Group of 6 to 9 | 1.23 (0.50,3.07) | 0.6513 | - | - |
| Group of 10 or more | 1.00 (-) | - | - | - |
| Distancing* | ||||
| No | 1.00 (-) | - | - | - |
| Yes | 1.18 (0.999,1.39) | 0.0522 | - | - |
| Location Type | ||||
| Retail | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Beach/Pier/Park/Playground/Trail | 0.09 (0.06,0.15) | <.0001 | 0.79 (0.65,0.96) | 0.0163 |
| Restaurant | 0.39 (0.29,0.53) | <.0001 | 0.88 (0.42,1.82) | 0.7258 |
| Miscellaneous Areas | 0.41 (0.25,0.68) | 0.0004 | 1.52 (0.53,4.36) | 0.4324 |
| Street | 0.42 (0.26,0.66) | 0.0002 | 0.83 (0.55,1.25) | 0.3779 |
| School/University Campus | 0.68 (0.33,1.40) | 0.2924 | 1.67 (0.88,3.17) | 0.1137 |
| Month-Year | ||||
| Sep-20 | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Oct-20 | 1.57 (1.26,1.95) | <.0001 | 1.15 (0.96,1.39) | 0.1338 |
| Nov-20 | 1.69 (1.44,1.99) | <.0001 | 1.15 (0.88,1.49) | 0.3167 |
| Dec-20 | 3.21 (2.11,4.87) | <.0001 | 1.17 (0.96,1.43) | 0.1271 |
| Jan-21 | 2.72 (2.25,3.29) | <.0001 | 1.12 (1.05,1.19) | 0.0005 |
| Feb-21 | 2.92 (2.29,3.72) | <.0001 | 1.39 (1.11,1.74) | 0.0039 |
| Mar-21 | 2.68 (2.02,3.55) | <.0001 | 0.95 (0.83,1.09) | 0.4850 |
| Apr-21 | 2.41 (1.78,3.25) | <.0001 | 0.87 (0.77,0.97) | 0.0139 |
| May-21 | 2.21 (1.14,4.27) | 0.0186 | 0.74 (0.62,0.88) | 0.0005 |
| Jun-21 | 0.87 (0.56,1.33) | 0.5099 | 1.02 (0.74,1.42) | 0.8837 |
| Jul-21 | 0.52 (0.33,0.83) | 0.0066 | 1.16 (0.85,1.58) | 0.3539 |
| Aug-21 | 0.89 (0.63,1.26) | 0.5203 | 1.07 (0.84,1.37) | 0.5891 |
| Population Density (1000/sq. mile) | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 0.5351 | 1.02 (0.98,1.07) | 0.2971 |
| Percent Families below poverty line | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 0.6785 | 0.98 (0.96,0.9998) | 0.0479 |
| Region | ||||
| Southern California | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Northern California | 1.62 (0.98,2.68) | 0.0611 | 1.71 (1.13,2.59) | 0.0109 |
| Central California | 0.55 (0.42,0.73) | <.0001 | 0.82 (0.63,1.06) | 0.1354 |
| Arizona, Montana, Nevada | 0.89 (0.71,1.13) | 0.3449 | 0.59 (0.32,1.10) | 0.0981 |
| Midwest | 0.90 (0.55,1.49) | 0.6899 | 0.66 (0.50,0.89) | 0.0054 |
| South | 1.14 (0.88,1.47) | 0.3336 | 0.91 (0.73,1.12) | 0.3755 |
| Northeast | 1.65 (1.21,2.25) | 0.0016 | 0.53 (0.36,0.76) | 0.0007 |
| Local Masking Policy | ||||
| Not Required | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Recommended | 1.60 (0.82,3.12) | 0.1693 | 0.78 (0.53,1.15) | 0.2102 |
| Required | 2.99 (1.66,5.39) | 0.0003 | 1.14 (0.72,1.80) | 0.5701 |
| Type of Day | ||||
| Weekend (S-S) | 1.00 (-) | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Weekday (M-F) | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) | 0.1864 | 1.52 (1.26,1.83) | <.0001 |
| Correct Mask Usage⁎⁎ | ||||
| No | - | - | 1.00 (-) | - |
| Yes | - | - | 1.22 (1.06,1.40) | 0.0051 |
⁎
Not used for Distancing Model,
⁎⁎
Not used in Mask Adherence model.