Fig. 1. (a) A particle size distribution curve of a TNSs colloidal solution ([Ti] = 7.3 mM). The inset in (a) illustrates a schematic model of TNSs dispersed in a colloidal solution. (b) A Raman spectrum and (c) an XRD pattern of a TNSs colloidal solution after drying on a glass plate. An XRD pattern of dried lipase–TNSs prepared at pH = 4 is also displayed in (c).
