Hepatic anti-oxidative enzymes capacity of HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats fed with RTLW, RTLE and pioglitazone for 4 weeks^a.

(U mg−1 protein)	N	DM	DM + Pio	DM + W100	DM + W400	DM + E100	DM + E400
SOD	58.56 ± 6.25a	36.67 ± 13.65b	63.93 ± 18.99a	59.52 ± 8.12a	61.24 ± 5.84a	50.97 ± 5.46a	55.85 ± 10.16a
CAT	4112.28 ± 731.38ab	3247.66 ± 171.65c	4233.44 ± 744.2ab	3280.55 ± 672.4bc	3655.25 ± 656.5abc	4050.88 ± 285.61ab	4520.69 ± 659.39a
GPx	735.61 ± 44.55a	429.99 ± 86.7d	546.33 ± 60.67bc	511.99 ± 41.74bcd	561.45 ± 45.8bc	473.2 ± 63.71cd	576.04 ± 74.22b

^aSOD = superoxide dismutase; CAT = catalase; Px = glutathione peroxidase; RTL = Ruellia tuberosa L.; RTLW = Ruellia tuberosa L. water extract; RTLE = Ruellia tuberosa L. ethanol extract; HFD = high fat diet; STZ = streptozotocin. N = Normal diet; DM = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection; DM + Pio = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection + pioglitazone (30 mg kg⁻¹ B.W.); DM + W100 = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection + RTLW (100 mg kg⁻¹ B.W.); DM + W400 = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection + RTLW (400 mg kg⁻¹ B.W.); DM + E100 = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection + RTLE (100 mg kg⁻¹ B.W.); DM + E400 = HFD (60% fat) + STZ intraperitoneal injection + RTLE (400 mg kg⁻¹ B.W.). a–d letters in the same row are significantly different from all samples tested (p < 0.05). Each value is means ± SD, n = 6.