Area percentages of functional groups on ACs by deconvolution of XPS C1s spectra.
| Samples | Relative peak areas (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C–C | C–O | C O | –COOH | π–π* | |
| AC | 78.2 | 15.6 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.8 |
| AC-N | 61.1 | 25.1 | 0.6 | 8.3 | 4.9 |
| AC-O | 73.9 | 18.6 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 0.9 |
| AC-T | 80.0 | 6.7 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 9.7 |
| AC-N-A | 72.2 | 18.4 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 1.5 |