Figure 2.

2D plots showing the hidden relationship between resection margin, d_i, and postoperative volume changes of C_i, r_i, which were measured in pre- and postoperative DWI data of the modeling dataset (Supplemental Table 1, n = 40). In each plot, red diamonds and blue squares indicate patients with and without postoperative deficit, respectively. Kalman filter prediction using the Rauch-Tung-Striebel algorithm²⁷ was applied to fit d_i as a function of a dynamic variable r_i, resulting in d_i(r_i) (red dotted line). The radius of each colored ellipsis indicates the covariance of the state variable x(r_i), approximating the 95% CI of d_i(r_i).