Table 3.
Comparison of Success Rate with 1 Attempt versus 2 or More Attempts
| Variable | 1 Attempt (n = 783) | ≥ 2 Attempts (n = 219) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 5 (2, 9) | 3 (1, 7) | <0.001 |
| Weight | 20 (14, 37) | 15 (11, 26) | <0.001 |
| Height | 113 (93, 138) | 100 (80, 121) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 17 (15, 20) | 17 (16, 20) | 0.304 |
| Gender | 0.275 | ||
| Female | 347 (44%) | 88 (40%) | |
| Male | 436 (56%) | 131 (60%) | |
| Race | 0.134 | ||
| White | 585 (75%) | 158 (72%) | |
| Black or African American | 114 (15%) | 43 (20%) | |
| Other | 84 (11%) | 18 (8%) | |
| ASA | 0.002 | ||
| ASA 1 | 246 (31%) | 47 (21%) | |
| ASA 2 | 452 (58%) | 130 (59%) | |
| ASA 3 | 80 (10%) | 450 (18%) | |
| ASA 4 | 5 (1%) | 2 (1%) | |
| History of difficult IV placement | 28 (4%) | 19 (9%) | 0.002 |
| Patient had an IV within the past week | 10 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 0.656 |
| Provider | 0.001 | ||
| Attending | 436 (56%) | 98 (45%) | |
| CRNA | 112 (14%) | 31 (14%) | |
| Anesthesia Trainee | 170 (22%) | 77 (35%) | |
| Student Nurse Anesthetists | 65 (8%) | 13 (6%) | |
| Years of experience | 7 (2, 12) | 6 (2, 12) | 0.282 |
| How difficult do you anticipate this IV placement will be?a | 3 (2, 4) | 4 (3, 7) | <0.001 |
| How difficult was this IV placement?a | 2 (1, 3) | 5 (3, 7) | <0.001 |
| Time to successful cannulation (minutes) | 0.94 (0, 1) | 3.2 (2, 4) | <0.001 |
| When was the first cannulation attempted | 0.884 | ||
| After inhalation induction | 680 (87%) | 194 (89%) | |
| After nitrous oxide | 87 (11%) | 21 (10%) | |
| After midazolam | 3 (0.4%) | 0 | |
| Awake | 13 (1.6%) | 4 (1%) |
Notes: Data are reported as the number (%) or median (interquartile range). Trainee includes fellows and residents; Students include medical students and SRNAs. aVisual Analogue score from 1–10. p-value: Wilcoxon test, chi square test, Fisher’s exact test.