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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 28.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Microbiol. 2022 Apr 28;7(5):680–694. doi: 10.1038/s41564-022-01103-1

Figure 5: Fecal microbiome transfer of low PA microbial communities lowers PA of high PA humanized mice in Alistipes-dependent manner.

Figure 5:

a, FMT treatment in high PA mice. FMT with a healthy microbiome decreased PA in high PA humanized mice compared to controls (1676 ± 613.6 vs. 3920± 2178 BAEE units/mg protein, One-Way ANOVA-Kruskal-Wallis †p=0.0235 and 2-sided Wilcoxon-Matched Pairs *p=0.011, 9 mice/group). b, FMT changes proteolytic profile. Trypsin, neutrophilic elastase, and pancreatic elastase activity was lower post-FMT compared to baseline (Paired t-test, Mann-Whitney n=5 mice, trypsin *p=0.003, pancreatic elastase *p=0.04, neutrophil elastase *p=0.006). c, Measurement of alpha diversity. Mice given FMT demonstrate greater microbial diversity compared to control mice (linear regression on observed species, n=9/group, p=0.01). d, Measurement of beta diversity. Bray-Curtis β-diversity ordination demonstrates shifts in microbiota composition following FMT. Mice receiving FMT cluster separately and towards a healthy, low PA microbiome (PERMANOVA, n=9 mice/group, p=0.001). e, Heatmap outlining differentially abundant taxa in mice treated with FMT. Taxa identified differentially abundant at q<0.1 (n=9 mice/group). f, Proportion of differentially abundant bacteria between FMT and control mice. 35 differential bacterial taxa identified at the species level (q<0.1), with 13 in greater abundance after FMT (n=9 mice/group). g, Predicted KEGG pathway differences. Methane metabolism pathway increased, and aromatics degradation decreased in FMT mice (n=9 mice, q<0.1). h, Restoration of low PA phenotype dependent on FMT community. Mice administered a community containing A. putredinis reduced fecal PA while FMT using low PA microbiota lacking A. putredinis was unable to suppress PA. Sac Day is 1-week post-FMT. (2-way ANOVA-Sidak’s, p=0.001, n=5 mice/group). i, High PA feces spiked with A. putredinis attenuates increased PA post-humanization (2-way ANOVA, Sidak’s n=3 mice/group, p=0.05, mean ± s.d). Boxplots as previously described.