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. 2022 May 9;56(1):57–78. doi: 10.1007/s10644-022-09405-4

Table 2.

Trends in the supply chain and economic growth: a reference model (economic growth)

Variable (1) (2) (3)
SClogistics 0.024* (0.013)
Energy consumption 0.021* (0.012)
CO2 emissions  − 0.013*** (0.004)
Financial aid 0.017*** (0.006) 0.017*** (0.006 0.016*** (0.006)
Tax cut 0.260*** (0.093) 0.261*** (0.094) 0.253*** (0.093)
Subsidy 0.006 (0.005) 0.006 (0.005) 0.006 (0.005)
Insurance 0.007* (0.004) 0.007* (0.007) 0.008* (0.006)
R-squared 0.214 0.19 0.205
Endogeneity test 1.517 [0.218] 2.817* [0.093] 1.154 [0.283]
Weak Identification test 29.18 24.01 11.45
Under identification test 33.41*** [0.000] 30.83*** [0.000] 17.33*** [0.000]
Over identification test 0.125 [0.731] 0.018 [0.897] 0.221 [0.639]

Author calculation

Additional information on the variables may be found in Table 1. Each model is subjected to an OLS control to account for peripheral and temporal effects. Although a fixed term is included, it is omitted. Standard errors with large magnitudes are enclosed in parentheses, whereas probability values are enclosed in parentheses. The delta technique was used to calculate the typical elasticity errors. The asterisks denote the following degrees of significance: **p0.05; ***p0.01