| Blending with a polymer |
(a) Miscibility in common solvents |
(a) Tendency toward physical and/or chemical aging |
| (b) Flexible to incorporate |
(b) Leaching during the preparation and operation process, which may reduce the efficiency |
|
(c) Poor compatibility in the polymer matrix |
| Blending with an inorganic material |
(a) High chemical resistance |
(a) More expensive than equivalent polymeric ones |
| (b) Improve thermal stability |
(b) Defect-free commercial-scale inorganic PES membranes are difficult to manufacture |
| (c) The resultant membrane combines the advantages of the organic and inorganic parts |
(c) Stability of the doped form is a big issue due to its nano-size |
| (d) Can be easily incorporated |
(d) Very expensive formulations |
| (e) Provides an enhanced surface that allows multiple functional groups to be added on the membrane surface |
(e) Non-uniform dispersion of NPs in the polymer matrix |
|
(f) Aggregation phenomenon |
|
(g) Weak interaction with the polymer matrix |
|
(h) Leaching of NPs during the operation process |
|
(i) Uncontrollable pore size |
|
(j) Poor dissolution in various organic solvents |
