TABLE 1.

Different types of targeting Stat3 signaling pathway and their biological functions.

Classification	Name	t	Biological Functions	References
Synthetic compounds	Stattic	OA, OP	Inhibit osteoclast activation and IL-6-induced chondrocyte apoptosis	Latourte et al. (2017), Li et al. (2018)
	STA21	OA	Detect MIA-induced joint pain and cartilage damage	Lee et al. (2018)
	Nitazoxanide	OP	Suppress Stat3 phosphorylation and reduce Ca2+ fluorescence intensity	Li et al. (2021)
	BCI	OP	Diminish NF-κB signaling and RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation	Cai et al. (2021)
	Tofacitinib	OA	Minimize chondrogenic hypertrophy and inflammatory factors	Chiu et al. (2021)
	AG490	Skeletal development, Bone defect	Reduce MSC osteogenic matrix mineralization and triggers bone loss	Yu et al. (2018), Zhou et al. (2021)
	Colivelin	Skeletal development	Facilitate Stat3 phosphorylation and bone formation in tail-suspended mice	Zhou et al. (2021)
Natural compounds	Alantolactone	OA	Selective restraint of Stat3 nuclear translocation and regulate chondrocyte autophagy	Pei et al. (2021)
	Lycopene	OA	Restrain the expression of COX-2 and iNOS and restore ECM reconstruction in chondrocytes	Zhan et al. (2021)
	Angelicin	OA	Upregulate CD9 expression to polarize macrophages toward M2 type and mitigate OA development	Tian et al. (2021)
	BDMC	OP	Enhance the expression of calcium deposition and osteogenic markers in MSC at the transcriptional and translational levels	Wei et al. (2022)
	Icariin	OP	Promote alveolar bone formation in OVX rats by binding of Stat3 to the OCN promoter	Xu et al. (2020)
	Catalpol	Bone defect	Activate the JAK-Stat3 axis to drive BMSC-mediated angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro	Chen et al. (2021)
	Poria cocos polysaccharide	Fractures	Inhibits phosphorylation activation of MAPK and Stat3 signaling pathways to reduce osteoclast activity	Song et al. (2018)
RNA and proteins	miR-216a-5p	OA	Accelerate chondrocyte proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis by directly targeting the 3′-UTR of JAK2	Rong et al. (2021)
	miR-151a-3p	OP	Lower the BMD and biomechanical parameters of the femur to boost the OP process	Fu et al. (2020)
	Leptin	OA	Modulate TLR4 expression by activating CD14 through the JAK2/ Stat3 signaling pathway	Jiang et al. (2021)
	MYDGF	OP, Bone defect	Elevate Stat3 phosphorylation on S727 and calcium mineralization in cranial osteoblasts	Xu et al. (2022)