Table 1. Baseline characteristics of 30 patients that underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 70 (62–75) | ||
| Female gender | 9 (30) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 24.7 (22.8–29) | ||
| Arterial hypertension | 19 (63) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus type 2 | 8 (27) | ||
| Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | 0 (0) | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 7 (23) | ||
| Nicotine user | 5 (17) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease† | 5 (17) | ||
| Dialysis | 1 (3) | ||
| COPD I | 1 (3) | ||
| COPD II | 3 (10) | ||
| COPD III | 2 (7) | ||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 3 (10) | ||
| Prior EF (percentage), median (IQR) | 55 (38–60) | ||
| Prior Euroscore II (percentage), median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.2–4.4) | ||
| PRBCs (units), median (IQR)†† | 5 (2–8) | ||
| FFPs (units), median (IQR)†† | 2 (0–4) | ||
| PCs (units), median (IQR)†† | 0 (0–3) | ||
| Hospitalization details | |||
| Time between initial cardiac surgery and VATS (d), median (IQR) | 17 (11–21) | ||
| Residing at ICU | 18 (60) | ||
| Mechanically ventilated | 2 (7) | ||
| Tracheostomy | 6 (20) | ||
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 0 (0) | ||
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 2 (7) | ||
| Temporary ventricular support devices | 0 (0) | ||
| Laboratory parameters* | |||
| Hb (g/dL), median (IQR) | 8.8 (8.1–9.4) | ||
| Leucocytes (/nL), median (IQR) | 10.1 (7.8–13.5) | ||
| Platelet (G/L), median (IQR) | 336 (214–485) | ||
| PCT (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0.16 (0.08–0.54) | ||
| INR (ratio), median (IQR) | 1.21 (1.03–1.48) | ||
| LDH (U/L), median (IQR) | 328 (252–447) | ||
| AST (U/L), median (IQR) | 44 (25–76.5) | ||
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 47 (18–77.25) | ||
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.99 (0.49–1.26) | ||
| BUN (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 56 (34–80) | ||
| Initial cardiac procedures | |||
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 15 (50) | ||
| Aortic valve repair | 6 (20) | ||
| Mitral valve repair | 9 (30) | ||
| Tricuspid valve repair | 2 (7) | ||
| Aortic aneurysm surgery | 2 (7) | ||
| LVAD implantation | 3 (10) | ||
| RVAD implantation | 1 (3) | ||
| Combined procedures | 12 (40) | ||
| Complications before VATS** | |||
| Pneumonia/bronchitis | 9 (30) | ||
| Septic shock | 5 (17) | ||
| Bleeding needing re-sternotomy | 5 (17) | ||
| Acute kidney failure needing dialysis | 10 (33) | ||
| Pulmonary artery embolism | 0 (0) | ||
| Ischemic stroke | 1 (3) | ||
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 1 (3) | ||
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 0 (0) | ||
| Airway bleeding | 1 (3) | ||
| Pericardial tamponade | 3 (10) | ||
| Delirium | 4 (13) | ||
Percentages are shown in parentheses unless indicated as IQR.
†Including all patients with an MDRD-GFR<60 mL/min.
††Including all units since hospital admission until VATS surgery.
*Laboratory parameters were obtained before the VATS.
**Including complications between cardiac surgery and VATS.
ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EF: ejection fraction; FFP: fresh frozen plasma; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; LOS: length of stay; LVAD: left ventricular assist device; PC: platelet concentrate; PCT: procalcitonin; PRBC: packed right blood cells; RVAD: right ventricular assist device; VATS: video-assisted thoracic surgery