Table 3.
Uni- and multivariate linear regression analysis of the association of comorbidities, echocardiographic parameters and LA reverse remodeling.
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| beta | 95% CI | p | beta | 95% CI | p | |
| Δ LASr | ||||||
| Clinical parameters | ||||||
| Age (years) | 0.33 | 0.010–0.650 | 0.044 | 0.17 | −0.179–0.516 | 0.334 |
| Female sex | −0.67 | −4.830–3.492 | 0.749 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.23 | −0.591–0.131 | 0.209 | |||
| Hypertension | −1.25 | −8.726–6.233 | 0.741 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 3.72 | −0.416–7.864 | 0.077 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | −0.72 | −3.412–1.969 | 0.594 | |||
| Prior AMI | −4.59 | −9.700–0.531 | 0.078 | |||
| Baseline imaging parameters | ||||||
| Elevated LA stiffness | 4.58 | −0.041–9.198 | 0.051 | |||
| EF (%) | 0.17 | −0.051–0.388 | 0.131 | |||
| LAVi (mL/m2) | −0.06 | −0.147–0.036 | 0.230 | |||
| E/e' ratio | 0.22 | −0.054–0.503 | 0.112 | |||
| Severely reduced LASr (<20%) | 5.58 | 1.337–9.822 | 0.011 | 5.24 | 0.694–9.792 | 0.025 |
| LVMi (g/m2) | −0.02 | −0.060–0.027 | 0.456 | |||
| PASP (mmHg) | −0.10 | −0.255–0.046 | 0.171 | |||
| LV–GLS (%) | −0.15 | −0.876–0.575 | 0.679 | |||
| Change in imaging parameters | ||||||
| Δ LVMi (g/m2) | 0.00 | −0.095–0.095 | 0.998 | |||
| Δ LV–GLS (%) | 2.22 | 1.198–3.246 | <0.001 | 2.10 | 1.117–3.075 | <0.001 |
| Δ LAVi | ||||||
| Clinical parameters | ||||||
| Age (years) | 0.67 | 0.057–1.274 | 0.032 | 0.83 | 0.244–1.408 | 0.006 |
| Female sex | 2.27 | −5.578–10.123 | 0.566 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.40 | −1.080–0.291 | 0.255 | |||
| Hypertension | 0.3 | −12.675–12.933 | 0.984 | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | −0.76 | −8.652–7.134 | 0.849 | |||
| Atrial fibrillation | −5.60 | −13.974–2.780 | 0.187 | |||
| Baseline imaging parameters | ||||||
| Elevated LA stiffness | −7.11 | −15.795–1.586 | 0.108 | |||
| EF (%) | 0.06 | −0.326–0.435 | 0.775 | |||
| LAVi (mL/m2) | −0.16 | −0.333–0.022 | 0.084 | |||
| E/e' ratio | −0.74 | −1.273-−0.209 | 0.007 | −0.86 | −1.377–−0.346 | 0.001 |
| Severely reduced LASr (<20%) | −3.60 | −11.993–4.795 | 0.396 | |||
| LVMi (g/m2) | −0.05 | −0.131–0.034 | 0.247 | |||
| PASP (mmHg) | −0.29 | −0.625–0.054 | 0.098 | |||
| LV–GLS (%) | −0.02 | −1.488–1.454 | 0.982 | |||
| Change in imaging parameters | ||||||
| Δ LV–GLS (%) | −0.37 | −2.823–2.075 | 0.760 | |||
| Δ LASr (%) | −0.20 | −0.709–0.300 | 0.422 | |||
| Δ LVMi (g/m2) | −0.29 | −0.589–0.009 | 0.057 | |||
Variables with p < 0.05 in univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate model.
AMI, Acute myocardial infarction; BMI, Body mass index; EF, Ejection fraction; LA, Left atrium; LASr, Left atrial peak reservoir strain; LAVi, Left atrial volume index; LV, Left ventricle; LV–GLS, Left ventricular global longitudinal strain; LVMi, Left ventricular mass index; PASP, Pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Numbers marked in bold are significant predictors of the outcome.