Fig. 3. Depletion of monocytes/macrophages reduced the osteogenesis and angiogenesis of cartilage templates. (a) General 3D views of implants in clodronate- or PBS liposome-treated mice. (b) Microstructural μCT parameters of implants. (c and e) The number of OCN positive cells was much greater in the PBS liposome-treated mice than in the clodronate-treated mice at one or two months. (d and f) The number of CD31 positive blood vessel-like tissues was much greater in the PBS liposome-treated mice than in the clodronate-treated mice at one or two months. (S: spongostan; black arrow: OCN positive cell; gray arrow: CD31 positive vessel, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).