TABLE 1.
Chemical composition of powder particles applied in the AM industry-- > Class of particles/Chemical composition.
| Class of particles | Chemical composition of particles | |
|---|---|---|
| Polymeric powders | Semi-crystalline thermoplastics | Polyamides (PAs), polypropylene (PP), polyaryletherketone (PAEK), polyethylene (PE), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) |
| Amorphous thermoplastics | Polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) | |
| Thermoplastic elastomers | Ester-based polyurethane (PU) | |
| Biocompatible polymers | Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), polylactide (PLA), polyglycolide (PGA) | |
| Metallic powders | Titanium alloys | Ti6Al4V (α-β titanium alloy) |
| Nickel alloys | NiCr19Fe19Nb5Mo3 (precipitation nickel-base superalloy), NiCr22Fe18Mo | |
| Aluminum alloys | AlSi10 Mg (hypoeutectic Al–Si casting alloy), AlCu4Mg1, AlCu3.5LiAgMg, AlCu6Mn, AlMg4.5Mn0.7, AlZn6MgCu, AlZn4.5Mg1, Al5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu-0.23Cr | |
| Steel alloys | 22Mo9Nb, X5CrNiCuNb 16–4, X2CrNiMo 17–12-2, 25CrMo4, 16MnCr5, 42CrMo4, X5CrNiCuNb 17–4, X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5, X40CrMoV5-1 | |
| Cobalt alloys | CO212, CO502, CO90, Co49Fe2V | |
| Copper alloys | OFHC Cu, HC Cu, Cu10Al, Cu10Sn, Cu15Sn | |
| Ceramic powders | Oxide and non-oxide advanced ceramics | Alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), boron carbide (B4C), silicon nitride (Si3N4), aluminum nitride (AlN), zirconium diboride (ZrB2) |
| Polymer-derived ceramics | SiC, Si3N4, silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxycarbide (SiOC), silicon carbonitride (SiCN), boron nitride (BN) and boron carbonitride (BCN) | |
| Ceramic matrix composites | Carbon fibers/carbon matrix (Cf/C), Cf/SiC matrix, SiCf/SiC | |
| Reinforcement of polymeric matrices | Metallic fillers | Aluminum and carbon steel |
| Ceramic/glass fillers | Silica, glass beads, clays, and oxides | |
| Carbon-based fillers | Carbon black, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphite and graphene | |
| Organic additives | Polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS) | |