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. 2022 Apr 25;16:852506. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.852506

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Copyright © 2022 Eltokhi and Sommer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The reciprocal link between gut microbiota, inflammation and depression. The role of probiotic supplementation in turning the gut microbiota composition into a healthier form may lead to normal brain function and alleviation of depressive symptoms via modulation of inflammatory responses. Examples of probiotic genera include Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Lactococcus, Propionibacterium, Bulgaricus, and Streptococcus. Notably, sex hormones affect gut microbiota and/or inflammatory signals, which may play a role in the sex bias of depression.