Table 2.
Comparison of clinical characteristic in T2DM patients with or without relevant compliations including DN and CAP.
| Variables | Total (n = 749) | T2DM group (n = 236) | DN or CAP group (n = 329) | DN with CAP group (n = 184) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCN-2, ng/ml | 99.59 (70.67-137.28) | 77.29 (58.83-115.05) | 97.71 (71.49-130.13) | 131.37 (101.43-182.04) | <0.001 |
| UACR, mg/g | 19.08 (9.62-58.71) | 11.35 (6.98-17.76) | 19.08 (9.62-52.08) | 68.90 (32.21-277.38) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 54.0 (47.0-60.0) | 49.5 (41.0-56.0) | 54.0 (47.0-60.0) | 58.0 (54.0-63.0) | <0.001 |
| Male, % | 73 | 71.7 | 72.0 | 76.6 | 0.444 |
| Current smoking, % | 45.2 | 33.9 | 45.1 | 59.8 | <0.001 |
| Current drinking, % | 32.8 | 25.0 | 31.3 | 45.7 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, % | 11.5 | 9.7 | 11.6 | 13.6 | 0.472 |
| Hypertension, % | 44.7 | 30.5 | 43.5 | 65.2 | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive therapy, % | 7.8 | 14.0 | 21.3 | 51.6 | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB, % | 47.3 | 31.8 | 47.1 | 67.4 | <0.001 |
| T2DM duration, months | 11.71 (7.09-122.00) | 7.59 (6.44-9.39) | 20.0 (6.84-107.50) | 130.0 (85.50-207.75) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.40 (23.3-27.4) | 25.40 (23.30-27.55) | 25.3 (23.3-27.6) | 25.35 (23.3-27.1) | 0.903 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 7.53 (6.22-9.46) | 7.65 (6.45-9.40) | 7.50 (6.19-9.43) | 7.40 (6.03-9.85) | 0.918 |
| HbA1c, % | 8.38 (7.25-10.42) | 8.44 (7.23-11.08) | 8.26 (7.21-10.27) | 8.57 (7.33-10.07) | 0.593 |
| SBP, mmHg | 134.18 ± 19.92 | 128.85 ± 17.40 | 133.34 ± 18.37 | 142.52 ± 22.82 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 76.28 ± 11.17 | 75.81 ± 10.06 | 76.77 ± 11.38 | 76.04 ± 12.15 | 0.568 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.57 (1.08-2.26) | 1.50 (1.07-2.20) | 1.61 (1.13-2.32) | 1.53 (1.03-2.31) | 0.817 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.60 (3.90-5.35) | 4.56 (3.89-5.41) | 4.63 (3.98-5.30) | 4.67 (3.84-5.40) | 0.962 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 1.03 (0.88-1.22) | 1.03 (0.88-1.23) | 1.02 (0.88-1.22) | 1.03 (0.86-1.20) | 0.966 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.82 (2.14-3.41) | 2.81 (2.22-3.35) | 2.85 (2.17-3.40) | 2.73 (2.00-3.47) | 0.607 |
| Sua, μmol/L | 326.0 (272.0-392.0) | 313.0 (266.3-387.0) | 331.5 (274.0-394.8) | 332.0 (271.25-394.50) | 0.284 |
| Bun, mmol/L | 5.24 (4.40-6.27) | 5.08 (4.29-5.95) | 5.17 (4.38-6.24) | 5.6 (4.73-6.78) | <0.001 |
| Scr, mg/dl | 69.0 (62.0-75.75) | 69.0 (62.0-74.75) | 68.5 (62.0-75.0) | 70.5 (64.0-80.75) | 0.032 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 105.63 (97.42-113.36) | 109.14 (100.45-118.13) | 105.84 (97.49-113.41) | 101.08 (91.03-108.10) | <0.001 |
| Plaque score | 0.94 ± 1.02 | 0.11 ± 0.31 | 0.90 ± 1.01 | 2.06 ± 0.33 | <0.001 |
| Type of antidiabetic therapy | |||||
| No, % | 35.4 | 60.2 | 33.4 | 7.1 | <0.001 |
| Insulin, % | 4.5 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 0.811 |
| OHA, % | 34.4 | 19.9 | 40.1 | 42.9 | <0.001 |
| Insulin+OHA, % | 26.2 | 16.5 | 22.2 | 45.7 | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 11.5 | 11.9 | 10.6 | 12.5 | 0.798 |
| Hypotriglyceridemia, % | 24.6 | 23.3 | 25.2 | 25.0 | 0.861 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, % | 28.2 | 28.8 | 26.1 | 31.0 | 0.488 |
| DR, % | 41.1 | 32.6 | 40.7 | 52.7 | <0.001 |
| DPN, % | 29.4 | 14.8 | 29.8 | 47.3 | <0.001 |
The use of bold emphasis is to mark the statistically significant indicators.
LCN-2, lipocalin-2; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Sua, serum uric acid; Bun, blood urea nitrogen; Scr, serum creatinine; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; DR, diabetic retinopathy; DPN, diabetic peripheral neuropathy.