Table 2.
Variable | China (n = 232) | Japan (n = 255) | Korea (n = 418) | Total (n = 905) | P-valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Massage | 5 (2.2) | 2 (0.8) | 4 (1.0) | 11 (1.2) | 0.166 |
Acupuncture | 5 (2.2) | 2 (0.8) | 16 (3.8) | 23 (2.5) | 0.995 |
Naturopathic medicine | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.6) | 0.195 |
Homoeopathy | 2 (0.9) | 0 | 7 (1.7) | 9 (0.9) | 0.898 |
Relaxation | 6 (2.6) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.5) | 10 (1.1) | 0.626 |
Reflexology | 0 | 4 (1.6) | 5 (1.2) | 9 (0.9) | 0.871 |
Aromatherapy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Hypnosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
Moxibustion or cupping | 8 (3.4) | 0 | 19 (4.5) | 27 (2.9) | 0.051 |
Spiritual or religious healer | 3 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.4) | 0.108 |
Chiropractic | 7 (3.0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (0.5) | 10 (1.1) | 0.047 |
CAM ≥ 2 services | 8 (3.4) | 0 | 14 (3.3) | 22 (2.4) | 0.027 |
Any CAM service | 20 (8.6) | 13 (5.1) | 45 (10.8) | 78 (8.6) | 0.179 |
Values are presented as number (%).
The comparison was adjusted with age, duration of disease, sex, comorbidities, disease activity, current medications and previous history of surgery and admission.
CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; NA, not applicable.