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. 2022 Apr 29;20(2):192–202. doi: 10.5217/ir.2020.00150

Table 2.

Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medical Services Usage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients According to Countries

Variable China (n = 232) Japan (n = 255) Korea (n = 418) Total (n = 905) P-valuea
Massage 5 (2.2) 2 (0.8) 4 (1.0) 11 (1.2) 0.166
Acupuncture 5 (2.2) 2 (0.8) 16 (3.8) 23 (2.5) 0.995
Naturopathic medicine 4 (1.7) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.2) 6 (0.6) 0.195
Homoeopathy 2 (0.9) 0 7 (1.7) 9 (0.9) 0.898
Relaxation 6 (2.6) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.5) 10 (1.1) 0.626
Reflexology 0 4 (1.6) 5 (1.2) 9 (0.9) 0.871
Aromatherapy 0 0 0 0 NA
Hypnosis 0 0 0 0 NA
Moxibustion or cupping 8 (3.4) 0 19 (4.5) 27 (2.9) 0.051
Spiritual or religious healer 3 (1.3) 0 1 (0.2) 4 (0.4) 0.108
Chiropractic 7 (3.0) 1 (0.4) 2 (0.5) 10 (1.1) 0.047
CAM ≥ 2 services 8 (3.4) 0 14 (3.3) 22 (2.4) 0.027
Any CAM service 20 (8.6) 13 (5.1) 45 (10.8) 78 (8.6) 0.179

Values are presented as number (%).

a

The comparison was adjusted with age, duration of disease, sex, comorbidities, disease activity, current medications and previous history of surgery and admission.

CAM, complementary and alternative medicine; NA, not applicable.