Table 1.
Demographic details of the three cohorts.
| Non‐COVID‐19 | COVID‐19 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative Control | Positive Control (MS) | Moderate | Critical | ||||||
| HC | Acute | Non‐active | Active | Survived | Died | ||||
| Cohort 1 (N = 168) (serum) | N | 58 | 10 | 35 | 35 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 41.1 (13.7) | 43.6 (20.8) | 52.8* (11.3) | 37.6 (10.8) | 51.8 (13.9) | 56.1* (11.4) | 69.4* (11.7) | |
| Gender (female) | n (%) | 28 (48.3) | 2 (20.0) | 16 (45.7) | 22 (62.9) | 3 (30.0) | 2 (20.0) | 1* (10.0) | |
| Comorbidities (yes) | n (%) | – | 7 (70.0) | – | – | 8 (80.0) | 7 (70.0) | 9 (90.0) | |
| Cohort 2 (N = 38) (plasma) | N | 18 | – | – | – | – | 10 | 10 | |
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 44.1 (10.5) | – | – | – | – | 64.1* (9.9) | 67.0* (6.9) | |
| Gender (female) | n (%) | 9 (50.0) | – | – | – | – | 5 (50.0) | 0*,# (0.0) | |
| Comorbidities (yes) | n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 6 (60.0) | 10# (100.0) | |
| Cohort 3 (N = 288) (plasma) | N | – | – | – | – | – | 175 | 113 | |
| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | – | – | – | – | – | 73.8 (10.7) | 77.3# (10.4) | |
| Gender (female) | n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 40 (22.8) | 35 (30.9) | |
| Comorbidities (yes) | n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 123 (70.3) | 87 (76.9) | |
Age (unpaired t‐test), gender, and comorbidities (Chi‐square test) were compared across disease diagnosis/severity subgroups. COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 19; HC, healthy controls; MS, multiple sclerosis.
*p < 0.05 versus HC and # p < 0.05 versus COVID‐19, critical – survived.