Physicochemical properties of five commonly used dipolar aprotic solvents29,30.
| Property | Solvents | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulfolane | DMSO | DMF | THF | Dioxane | |
| Molecular weight | 120.2 | 78.1 | 73.1 | 72.1 | 88.1 |
| Density (g cm−3) | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
| Boiling point (K) | 560.3 | 462.1 | 426.1 | 339.0 | 374.0 |
| Freezing point (K) | 301.4 | 291.6 | 212.6 | 165.0 | 284.8 |
| Permittivity (ευ) @298 K | 43.4a | 46.7 | 36.7 | 7.6 | 2.2 |
| Dipole moment (Debye) | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 0.5 |
| Viscosity (MPa s) @303 K | 10.4 | 2.0b | 0.9c | 0.6 | 1.1 |
| Flash point (K) | 450.0 | 362.0 | 331.0 | 290.2 | 288.6 |
| Autoignition point (K) | 801.0 | 575.0 | 718.0 | 594.1 | 353.0 |
a
Mean the temperatures at 303 K.
b
Mean the temperatures at 298 K.
c
Mean the temperatures at 293 K.