Effect of the glucose dosage on products distributiona.
| Entry | Glucose dosage/wt% | Conversion/% | Yields/% | Carbon balance/% | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FFA | HMF | LA | Formic acid | Glucose | Fructose | Black char (C mol) | ||||
| 1 | 0.1 | 100 | 31.9 | 15.4 | — | — | — | — | 1.2 | 43.9 |
| 2 | 0.3 | 100 | 33.3 | 15.4 | 3.8 | 4.2 | — | — | 6.7 | 56.8 |
| 3 | 0.5 | 100 | 33.9 | 19.4 | 4.5 | 4.3 | — | — | 8.5 | 63.8 |
| 4 | 1.0 | 100 | 34.3 | 19.5 | 5.4 | 4.8 | — | — | 12.9 | 66.4 |
| 5 | 2.0 | 100 | 35.2 | 27.5 | 4.8 | 5.3 | — | — | 18.9 | 80.5 |
| 6 | 3.0 | 99.5 | 32.6 | 30.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 0.5 | — | 19.6 | 81.7 |
| 7 | 4.0 | 99.5 | 31.1 | 28.0 | 3.5 | 3.9 | 0.5 | — | 22.4 | 80.5 |
| 8 | 5.0 | 99.2 | 25.9 | 23.3 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 23.6 | 71.1 |
| 9 | 6.0 | 97.3 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 25.1 | 70.2 |
| 10 | 8.0 | 96.6 | 15.4 | 20.4 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 30.6 | 71.1 |
a
Reaction conditions: m(glucose + THF) = 9.5 g, 0.1 g of Hβ zeolite, 0.5 g of water, 453 K, 120 min.