Methods for extracting tea saponins.

Extraction method	Extracting agent [volume fraction]		Yield (%)	References
Water extraction	Water		8.04–8.5	39 and 40
Ultrasound-assisted water extraction			21.32	41
Alcohol extraction	Methanol	[70%]	14.45	42
	Ethanol	[63–100%]	7.28–28.81	18 and 43–47
		[70%] + 0.1% NH4·H2O	22.41	48
		[75%] + 3% NaOH	21.35	49
	n-Propyl alcohol	[90%]	15.31	50
Microwave-assisted alcohol extraction	Ethanol	[50–65%]	12.16–18.56	35, 51 and 52
Ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction	Ethanol	[70–80%]	18.54–28.38	19 and 53
		[75%] + 0.1% NH4·H2O	19.50	54
Microwave ultrasound-assisted extraction	Ethanol	[72%]	13.5	55
Microwave light wave-assisted extraction	Ethanol	[80%]	8.68	56
Aqueous enzymatic	Cellulase		6.8–20.23	57–59
	Neutral protease		6	60
Supercritical fluid CO2 extraction	Ethanol	[65%]	15.23	61
Homogenate extraction	Ethanol	[78%]	21.09	62