TABLE 1.

Clinical characteristics of three patients.

Clinical feature	Patient 1	Patient 2	Patient 3
Demographic profile	41-year-old woman	37-year-old man	33-year-old man
HIV diagnosis status	Known to be living with HIV	Known to be living with HIV	Newly diagnosed HIV
ART status	ART-naive	Second-line ART	Recently started first-line ART
CD4 count (cells/μL)	11	7	13
TB status	History of TB 10 years prior. Negative WHO TB symptom screen.	History of TB four times prior and presented with TB symptoms.	No known history of TB. Negative WHO TB symptom screen.
AlereLAM result	Positive Grade: 4+	Positive Grade: 4+	Positive Grade: 4+
Mycobacterial testing	Sputum: NTM† Urine: NTM† Blood: M. avium	Sputum: M. kansasii Urine: M. kansasii	Blood: M. avium
Treatment received‡	RHZE	RHZE followed by RHZE + Azithromycin	RHZE followed by RHE + Azithromycin
Outcome	Died 3 months after presentation	Died 24 months after presentation	Died 17 months after presentation

AlereLAM, Alere Determine-tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan assay; ART, antiretroviral therapy; NTM, non-tuberculous mycobacteria; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization.

^†, No further identification was conducted by laboratory;

^‡, R = Rifampicin; H = Isoniazid; Z = Pyrazinamide; E = Ethambutol.