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. 2022 Apr 30;9(5):722–733. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51551

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Overview of the experimental procedures. (A) Flow of experiment: TMS was used to elicit 12 MEPs at each pre‐, post‐ and post30‐intervention timepoints. The order of BCI interventions was randomized. (B) The cue shown to participants during the training and intervention (offline and cue‐based asynchronous‐BCIs) phases. The vertical blue line moved from left to right and participants were instructed to dorsiflex their affected side's ankle when the blue vertical line touched the fixed black vertical line. During the intervention (testing) session, for asynchronous‐BCI participants were looking at status of the detector active (green) or inactive (red) continuously, whereas in cue‐based asynchronous‐BCI participants were looking at the visual cue. (C) MRCPs from a representative participant. In the top, a MRCP aligned with the visual cue and PN to be used in the offline‐BCI intervention is shown; in the bottom the template used for cue‐based asynchronous and asynchronous‐BCIs is shown. (D) The four interventions with the presence/absence of a cue and protocol for peripheral nerve stimulations. Abbreviations: Async = asynchronous; PN = peak negativity.