Table 2.
Distribution of respondents' absenteeism and presenteeism days by their demographic, health, and work characteristics (N = 240).
| Characteristics | n | Productivity loss (days), median (IQR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absenteeism | p-value | Presenteeism | p-value | ||
| Age, years | |||||
| <40 | 89 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.737 | 2.4 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.204 |
| 40–49 | 104 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.6 (1.4, 4.3) | ||
| 50 or older | 47 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.2) | ||
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 175 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.247 | 2.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.08 |
| Female | 65 | 0.5 (0.0, 2.0) | 3.0 (1.5, 4.0) | ||
| Residence | |||||
| The same governorate | 197 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.109 | 2.1 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.012* |
| Remote governorate | 43 | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 3.2 (1.5, 5.0) | ||
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 11 | 1.5 (0.0, 2.6) | 0.446 | 3.0 (1.8, 4.5) | 0.845 |
| Married | 214 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.3 (1.0, 4.0) | ||
| Divorced or widowed | 15 | 0.5 (0.0, 1.5) | 1.8 (1.0, 3.9) | ||
| Number of offspring | |||||
| None | 33 | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.709 | 2.4 (1.0, 3.5) | 0.537 |
| 1–2 | 64 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.5 (1.3, 4.0) | ||
| 3 or more | 143 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.4 (1.2, 4.0) | ||
| Age of youngest offspring (n = 207) | |||||
| <5 | 85 | 0.5 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.74 | 3.1 (1.2, 5.3) | 0.571 |
| 5–17 | 106 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.5 (1.3, 4.0) | ||
| 18+ | 16 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.1 (1.2, 4.0) | ||
| Body mass index class | |||||
| Normal | 42 | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.852 | 2.1 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.806 |
| Overweight | 110 | 0.3 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.4 (1.4, 4.0) | ||
| Obese | 87 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.4 (1.0, 4.0) | ||
| Cigarette smoker | |||||
| Never | 210 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.318 | 2.5 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.293 |
| Yes | 30 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.2) | ||
| Cig. smoking pack.year | 240 | 0.125a | 0.509 | 0.078a | 0.681 |
| Regular physical activity | |||||
| No | 212 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.208 | 2.5 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.223 |
| Yes | 28 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.5) | ||
| Chronic diseases | |||||
| None | 172 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.453 | 2.4 (1.2, 3.9) | 0.315 |
| Single disease | 53 | 0.5 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.8 (0.8, 5.0) | ||
| Multiple diseases | 15 | 1.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 2.5 (1.3, 5.0) | ||
| Current job title | |||||
| Lecturer | 133 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.591 | 2.5 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.7 |
| Associate Professor | 62 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.9 (1.0, 4.0) | ||
| Professor/Professor Emeritus | 45 | 0.5 (0.0, 1.0) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.0) | ||
| Professional specialties | |||||
| Art and Social Sciences | 66 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 0.040* | 2.4 (1.0, 4.0) | 0.039* |
| Life Sciences | 60 | 0.8 (0.0, 2.0) | 3.1 (1.4, 4.9) | ||
| Other Sciences | 114 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.0 (1.0, 3.5) | ||
| Years of employment | |||||
| <10 | 51 | 0.5 (0.0, 1.5) | 0.901 | 2.2 (1.2, 4.0) | 0.581 |
| 10–20 | 123 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.6 (1.0, 40) | ||
| More than 20 | 66 | 0.0 (0.0, 1.5) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.5) | ||
| Workdays/week | 240 | 0.038a | 0.561 | 0.140a | 0.031* |
| Workhours/day | 240 | 0.031a | 0.631 | −0.016a | 0.809 |
| Telework hours/week | 240 | −0.051a | 0.434 | 0.136a | 0.037* |
IQR, interquartile range.
a
Spearman's rho correlation coefficient.
*
Statistically significant value of p (< 0.05); Kruskal-Wallis test.