Table 4.

Changes in glycated hemoglobin A1c depending on age, sex and Helicobacter pylori status at each time point of follow-up time compared to baseline

Variable	H. pylori-negative	H. pylori-positive			p valueb
		Non-eradicated	Eradicated	p valuea
Age < 65 years
1 year (n = 71)	0.30 ± 0.17	0.21 ± 0.08	−0.12 ± 0.08	0.012c	0.028c
5 years (n = 51)	0.50 ± 0.77	0.40 ± 0.15	−0.11 ± 0.56	0.009c	0.006c
Age ≥ 65 years
1 year (n = 53)	0.15 ± 0.14	0.22 ± 0.20	−0.07 ± 0.18	0.284	0.464
5 years (n = 36)	0.25 ± 0.19	0.19 ± 0.18	−0.12 ± 0.21	0.271	0.500
Male
1 year (n = 72)	−0.02 ± 0.11	0.20 ± 0.14	−0.26 ± 0.13	0.023c	0.047c
5 years (n = 49)	0.21 ± 0.22	0.26 ± 0.12	−0.25 ± 0.14	0.007c	0.020c
Female
1 year (n = 52)	0.54 ± 0.19	0.25 ± 0.16	0.08 ± 0.09	0.351	0.072
5 years (n = 38)	0.45 ± 0.20	0.36 ± 0.27	0.05 ± 0.18	0.327	0.297
Male & < 65 years
1 year (n = 45)	−0.02 ± 0.15	0.25 ± 0.10	−0.22 ± 0.12	0.008c	0.039c
5 years (n = 32)	0.33 ± 0.26	0.47 ± 0.16	−0.12 ± 0.14	0.007c	0.032c
Male & ≥ 65 years
1 year (n = 27)	−0.01 ± 0.17	0.15 ± 0.30	−0.33 ± 0.33	0.298	0.492
5 years (n = 17)	−0.10 ± 0.38	−0.04 ± 0.12	−0.50 ± 0.30	0.184	0.371
Female & < 65 years
1 year (n = 26)	0.71 ± 0.29	0.07 ± 0.07	0.03 ± 0.08	0.853	0.058
5 years (n = 19)	0.66 ± 0.27	0.05 ± 0.25	−0.10 ± 0.24	0.775	0.122
Female & ≥ 65 years
1 year (n = 26)	0.30 ± 0.21	0.33 ± 0.22	0.08 ± 0.18	0.510	0.754
5 years (n = 19)	0.10 ± 0.23	0.47 ± 0.35	0.20 ± 0.26	0.543	0.685

Values are presented as mean ± standard error.

^aStudent’s t test.

^bAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.

^cStatistically significance (p < 0.05).