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. 2022 May 9;2022(5):CD012576. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012576.pub3

Silverman 2009.

Study characteristics
Methods Study design: cluster RCT
Study grouping: parallel group
Allocation concealment: not specified
Randomisation method: consumers in 16 sessions were randomised into experimental or control conditions by session. The numbers 1 to 16 were randomised into 2 groups and each group was assigned to a condition. Participants were allocated to the group of the first session they attended.
Participants Baseline characteristics
MT + SC
  • Gender male: 14 (48.27%)

  • Age: 41.00 years

  • Sample size: 29


Verbal therapy + SC
  • Gender male: 15 (40.54%)

  • Age: 40.69 years

  • Sample size: 37


Overall
  • Gender male: 29 (43.93%)

  • Age: 40.85 years

  • Sample size: 66


Inclusion criteria: inpatient on detoxification unit
Exclusion criteria: none mentioned
Pretreatment: no significant differences between groups in relation to: number of consumers taking part in each session who volunteered to be research participants; total number of consumers in each session; research participants' ages; number of times in rehabilitation/detoxification facility
Confirmation of population eligibility (from study author): author confirmed that participants had diagnosis of SUD.
Interventions Intervention characteristics
MT + SC
  • Description: MT group lyric analysis session focusing on relapse prevention and led by a board‐certified music therapist. Therapeutic techniques were manualised using the functional CBT manual provided by Cather and colleagues (2005).

  • Session length: approximately 45 minutes

  • Frequency: single session

  • Duration of treatment: single session


Verbal therapy + SC
  • Description: non‐music, scripted verbal therapy group focused on relapse prevention facilitated by the same therapist. Therapeutic techniques were manualised using the functional CBT manual provided by Cather and colleagues (2005).

  • Session length: approximately 45 minutes

  • Frequency: single session

  • Duration of treatment: single session

Outcomes Motivation for treatment/changeSOCRATES
  • Outcome type: continuous outcome

  • Reporting: partially reported

  • Range: 19–95

  • Direction: higher is better

  • Data value: endpoint

  • Notes: uses shorter 19‐item version of SOCRATES with 3 factors (taking steps, recognition, and ambivalence) that can contribute to a total score. Data were reported for total score only.


Not used:
Working alliance (HAQ‐II)
Identification Sponsorship source: none
Country: USA
Setting: inpatient detoxification unit
Author's name: Michael J Silverman
Institution: University of Minnesota
Declarations of interest: no conflicts of interest reported
Notes Email (13 September 2017) from author confirmed that participants met criteria for SUD.
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Judgement comment: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement.
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Judgement comment: insufficient information about allocation concealment to permit judgement.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias)
All outcomes Low risk Judgement comment: missing outcome data balanced in numbers across intervention groups, with similar reasons for missing data across groups. Reasons for missing outcome data unlikely to be related to true outcome.
Selective reporting (reporting bias) Low risk Judgement comment: no selective outcome reporting.
Blinding of participants and providers (performance bias) (subjective outcomes) Low risk Judgement comment: not possible to blind participants and providers to MT intervention.
Blinding of outcome assessor (detection bias) (subjective outcomes) Unclear risk Judgement comment: not possible to blind outcome assessor for self‐report outcomes, though measurement not likely to be influenced differentially between groups.