TABLE 2.

Studies of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers in patients of multiple sclerosis.

MIRNAs	Expression changes	T cell subtypes	Samples	Biomarker type and indication	References
miR-21-5p, -26b-5p, -29b-3p, -142-3p, -155-5p	Down-regulated	CD4 + T cells	12P/12HC	Diagnosis biomarker for SPMS	Sanders et al., 2016
miR-1-3p	Up-regulated	Th17 cells	36P/33HC	Diagnosis and severity biomarker for MS	Li et al., 2020
miR-590	Up-regulated	Th17 cells	42P/33HC	Diagnosis biomarker for MS	Liu R. et al., 2017
miR-30, -34a	Up-regulated	CD4 + T cells	40P/20HC	Diagnosis biomarker and discriminate for relapsing and remitting phases in RRMS patients	Ghadiri et al., 2018
miR-199a	Down-regulated
miR-21	Down-regulated	CD4 + T cells	20P/12HC	Discriminate for relapsing and remitting phases in RRMS patients, and SPMS patients	Ruhrmann et al., 2018
miR-26a, miR-326	Up-regulated	Th17 cells	40P/20HC	Discriminate for relapsing and remitting phases in RRMS patients	Honardoost et al., 2014
miR-155	Down-regulated	CD8 + T cells	25P/10HC	Diagnosis biomarker for MS	Elkhodiry et al., 2021
miR-1, -20a, -28, -95, -146a, -335, -625	Down-regulated	PBMC	12 third trimester/12 post-partum/12P	Monitor disease activity of pregnancy in MS patients	Søndergaard et al., 2020

MS, multiple sclerosis; P, Patients; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; HC, healthy controls; SPMS, secondary progressive MS, RRMS, remitting relapsing MS.