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. 2021 Aug 20;51(2):579–590. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyab144

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic directed acyclic graph between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Results based on Table 5. Some correlations (e.g. adiposity and smoking) and confounders were omitted for clarity. The path from sleep disturbances to CVD for incident CVD only. Adiposity could be a causal factor for shift work26 despite the current assumption.