Table 3.

Associations of frequency and type of shift work with cardiovascular disease (CVD)

	Incident CVD		Fatal CVD
	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Frequency of shift
Model 0
Sometimes	1.23 (1.17, 1.30)	<0.0001	1.37 (1.16, 1.62)	0.0003
Always	1.27 (1.20, 1.35)	<0.0001	1.52 (1.26, 1.83)	<0.0001
Model 1
Sometimes	1.14 (1.09, 1.20)	<0.0001	1.24 (1.05, 1.47)	0.01
Always	1.13 (1.07, 1.20)	<0.0001	1.32 (1.09, 1.59)	0.004
Model 2
Sometimes	1.11 (1.05, 1.17)	0.0002	1.21 (1.01, 1.45)	0.04
Always	1.10 (1.03, 1.17)	0.003	1.30 (1.07, 1.58)	0.009
Type of shift
Model 0
Evening/weekend shifts	1.25 (1.19, 1.32)	<0.0001	1.44 (1.20, 1.71)	<0.0001
Night shifts	1.25 (1.18, 1.32)	<0.0001	1.43 (1.20, 1.70)	<0.0001
Model 1
Evening/weekend shifts	1.16 (1.09, 1.22)	<0.0001	1.30 (1.08, 1.55)	0.005
Night shifts	1.12 (1.06, 1.19)	<0.0001	1.25 (1.05, 1.50)	0.01
Model 2
Evening/weekend shifts	1.13 (1.06, 1.20)	<0.0001	1.29 (1.07, 1.56)	0.01
Night shifts	1.08 (1.02, 1.15)	0.007	1.21 (1.00, 1.46)	0.05

Model 0: age and sex only; Model 1: education and deprivation additionally; Model 2: hours of work per week, duration of current job, walking/standing at work, heavy manual/physical work additionally.