Table 2.
Means and 95% CI for each QoL Questionnaire and the SPPB for each visit stratified by cohort. The p-value for the between subjects effect of cohorts as calculated by the Repeated Measures ANOVA is displayed as well (italics indicate significant differences) as the number of patients needed to achieve 1 - ß > 0.8 according to post-hoc power analysis
| 2d preoperative | 1w postoperative | 3 m postoperative | 6 m postoperative | 12 m postoperative | p-value (RM ANOVA) | n needed for 1 - ß > 0.8 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort A | Cohort B | Cohort A | Cohort B | Cohort A | Cohort B | Cohort A | Cohort B | Cohort A | Cohort B | |||
| SPPB | 9.9 (9.4;10.5) | 10.2 (9.5;10.8) | 6.1 (4.8;7.3) | 4.9 (3.7;6.1) | 9.8 (8.8;10.7) | 8.2 (6.7;9.7) | 9.8 (8.8;10.8) | 8.8 (6.6;10.4) | 8.7 (7.0;10.4) | 8.3 (6.4;10.2) | .416 | ~ 120 |
| SF-8 | 22.1 (19.7;24.4) | 19.0 (16.8;21.3) | 28.5 (26.3;30.7) | 27.5 (24.6;30.4) | 19.4 (15.8;23.0) | 22.7 (19.9;25.5) | 20.7 (17.9;23.6) | 21.7 (17.7;25.7) | 23.3 (19.0;27.6) | 21.0 (16.5;25.5) | ||
| C30 questionnaire | ||||||||||||
| Global Health Status | 55.5 (46.5;64.4) | 62.9 (55.6;70.2) | 34.9 (26.1;43.6) | 40.7 (31.4;50.0 | 64.4 (55.1;73.6) | 55.2 (44.9;65.4) | 65.4 (54.9;75.9) | 54.8 (43.7;65.8) | 62.3 (49.8;74.7) | 50.0 (37.9;62.1) | .458 | ~ 100 |
| Physical functioning | 79.0 (70.2;87.8) | 81.8 (74.7;88.9) | 36.3 (24.9;47.7) | 25.8 (14.5;37.2) | 78.5 (69.8;87.2) | 59.3 (47.0;71.6) | 79.0 (69.1;88.9) | 57.8 (45.5;70.0) | 78.8 (68.3;89.3) | 55.8 (41.5;70.1) | .018 | ~ 19 |
| Role functioning | 68.1 (56.3;80.0) | 76.0 (65.6;86.4) | 22.0 (9.8;34.2) | 19.7 (4.4;35.0) | 67.4 (54.3;80.6) | 54.0 (37.1;70.8) | 70.8 (56.2;85.4) | 46.8 (30.6;63.0) | 73.5 (58.2;88.9) | 43.9 (27.8;59.9) | .036 | ~ 36 |
| Emotional functioning | 57.8 (47.7;67.9) | 58.8 (48.5;69.1) | 57.7 (46.2;69.3) | 48.2 (35.7;60.7) | 70.5 (58.8;82.1) | 50.4 (34.4;66.4) | 70.4 (58.1;82.8) | 58.3 (46.1;70.6) | 67.2 (54.4;79.9) | 53.5 (37.0;70.0) | .287 | ~ 100 |
| Cognitive functioning | 80.2 (70.7;89.8) | 76.0 (67.7;84.3) | 64.8 (53.2;76.4) | 58.7 (46.1;71.2) | 81.8 (71.8;91.9) | 71.4 (58.6;84.2) | 82.5 (73.2;91.8) | 67.5 (56.5;78.4) | 73.5 (59.2;87.8) | 64.9 (52.2;77.6) | .350 | ~ 100 |
| Social functioning | 68.2 (55.7;80.8) | 76.0 (65.9;86.0) | 44.9 (30.4;59.3) | 43.1 (25.9;60.2) | 67.4 (53.6;81.3) | 69.0 (53.5;84.5) | 70.0 (57.6;82.5) | 60.3 (43.5;77.1) | 71.6 (56.8;86.3) | 53.5 (36.8;70.2) | .653 | ~ 100 |
| Fatigue | 40.0 (30.3;49.7) | 37.9 (27.5;48.3) | 72.0 (60.7;83.3) | 68.9 (57.5;80.3) | 38.4 (28.4;48.4) | 53.4 (39.0;67.9) | 40.0 (28.5;51.5) | 62.4 (49.9;75.0) | 37.9 (27.7;48.1) | 55.0 (40.6;69.3) | .256 | ~ 100 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 15.2 (7.6;22.8) | 10.8 (4.6;16.9) | 28.4 (16.1;40.7) | 16.7 (4.4;28.9) | 8.3 (1.3;15.4) | 13.5 (1.3;15.4) | 9.2 (-0.7;19.1) | 11.1 (0.2;22.0) | 7.8 (-4.1;19.8) | 5.3 (0.9;9.6) | .563 | > 600 |
| Pain | 27.5 (16.7;38.2) | 28.9 (17.2;40.6) | 56.2 (43.2;69.1) | 37.3 (26.1;48.5) | 22.7 (10.8;34.6) | 33.3 (18.2;48.5) | 30.0 (17.8;42.2) | 35.7 (21.2;50.2) | 24.5 (9.7;39.4) | 38.6;26.1;51.1) | .529 | ~ 100 |
| Dyspnoea | 30.3 (18.1;42.5) | 22.6 (11.1;33.5) | 48.2 (35.4;60.9) | 42.7 (28.8;56.5) | 33.3 (19.1;47.6) | 28.3 (13.9;42.8) | 33.3 (19.9;46.7) | 36.5 (22.3;50.7) | 21.7 (5.8;37.4) | 36.8 (20.4;53.3) | .906 | > 1400 |
| Insomnia | 47.1 (33.8;60.3) | 36.3 (24.5;48.1) | 66.7 (53.6;79.7) | 53.3 (37.8;68.9) | 37.9 (21.1;54.7) | 50.8 (36.8;64.8) | 36.7 (21.8;51.6) | 50.0 (33.9;66.1) | 39.2 (24.1;54.3) | 59.7 (41.2;78.1) | .548 | ~ 34 |
| Appetite loss | 35.3 (23.6;47.0) | 21.2 (11.0;31.4) | 60.5 (48.4;72.6) | 40.0 (25.4;54.6) | 25.8 (12.2;39.3) | 22.2 (7.0;37.4) | 23.3 (9.0;37.6) | 19.0 (3.7;34.4) | 13.7 (1.1;26.3) | 18.5 (7.7;29.4) | .037 | > 750 |
| Constipation | 19.6 (8.9;30.3) | 17.7 (6.9;28.4) | 41.3 (24.8;57.9) | 33.3 (17.3;49.3) | 21.2 (7.3;35.2) | 15.9 (5.2;26.6) | 11.7 (1.9;21.5) | 11.1 (2.9;19.3) | 11.8 (4.0;19.6) | 17.5 (3.1;32.0) | .248 | ~ 100 |
| Diarrhoea | 26.0 (15.2;36.9) | 32.4 (20.5;44.2) | 17.3 (6.6;28.0) | 24.0 (8.7;39.3) | 10.6 (2.7;18.5) | 27.0 (11.6;42.4) | 18.3 (7.2;29.4) | 34.9 (19.6;50.2) | 17.7 (2.7;32.6) | 24.6 (7.4;41.8) | .106 | ~ 100 |
| Financial difficulties | 7.3 (0.3;14.3) | 9.4 (2.1;16.7) | 11.1 (2.6;19.7) | 12.5 (2.2;22.8) | 22.7 (7.0;38.5) | 16.7 (7.8;25.5) | 23.3 (9.0;37.6) | 28.1 (12.1;44.1) | 9.8 (0.5;19.1) | 28.1 (12.9;43.3) | .319 | > 750 |
| PAN26 questionnaire | ||||||||||||
| Pancreatic Pain | 25.5 (17.4;33.6 | 32.3 (22.5;42.2) | 50.6 (39.4;61.8) | 41.0 (30.7;51.3) | 19.7 (12.9;26.5) | 31.4 (20.0;42.7) | 22.1 (13.4;30.7) | 27.9 (20.0;35.8) | 19.1 (10.4;27.8) | 40.4 (28.3;52.4) | .120 | > 100 |
| Bloating | 30.4 (18.3;42.5) | 23.7 (12.7;34.7) | 43.6 (31.2;56.0) | 32.0 (19.2;44.8) | 15.2 (5.8;24.5) | 30.2 (17.5;42.8) | 23.3 (11.6;35.0) | 28.6 (14.1;43.0) | 21.7 (9.1;34.0) | 35.1 (19.7;50.5) | .961 | > 100 |
| Digestive Symptoms | 32.4 (21.7;43.0) | 22.7 (12.7;32.8) | 77.6 (65.6;89.6) | 80.7 (69.2;92.1) | 34.9 (22.3;47.4) | 44.4 (30.3;58.6) | 29.2 (16.8;41.5) | 34.1 (18.9;49.3) | 23.5 (9.5;37.6) | 35.1 (21.0;49.2) | .962 | > 100 |
| Taste | 15.7 (6.4;24.9) | 19.2 (9.3;29.1) | 26.7 (12.6;40.8) | 32.0 (17.2;46.8) | 27.3 (11.4;43.2) | 28.6 (12.8;44.4) | 25.0 (13.5;36.5) | 34.9 (19.0;50.9) | 11.8 (0.6;22.9) | 31.6 (17.0;46.1) | .276 | > 100 |
| Indigestion | 29.4 (16.8;42.0) | 34.3 (21.2;47.5) | 55.1 (40.2;70.1) | 61.3 (47.4;75.3) | 28.8 (16.4;41.2) | 42.9 (27.8;57.9) | 30.0 (17.6;42.5) | 39.7 (25.7;53.7) | 19.6 (9.8;29.4) | 38.6 (23.4;53.8) | .162 | > 100 |
| Flatulence | 33.3 (22.3;44.4) | 29.3 (18.4;40.2) | 44.9 (32.4;57.4) | 36.0 (21.0;51.1) | 36.4 (21.5;51.2) | 18.3 (9.5;27.2) | 40.0 (26.9;53.1) | 36.5 (23.8;49.2) | 39.2 (22.2;56.2) | 40.4 (23.4;57.4) | .105 | > 100 |
| Weight loss | 32.4 (18.7;46.0) | 33.3 (20.3;46.4) | 32.0 (17.2;46.8) | 28.0 (12.6;43.4) | 31.8 (16.6;47.0) | 50.0 (30.2;69.8) | 35.0 (17.6;52.4) | 34.9 (17.2;52.7) | 19.6 (7.0;32.2) | 40.4 (21.9;58.8) | .718 | > 100 |
| Weakness in Arms and Legs | 21.6 (12.5;30.7) | 22.2 (11.7;32.7) | 54.7 (40.6;68.7) | 60.0 (45.4;74.6) | 39.4 (24.7;54.1) | 54.0 (38.0;70.0) | 33.3 (19.1;47.6) | 55.6 (40.4;70.7) | 19.6 (4.7;34.5) | 52.6 (33.7;71.5) | .051 | > 100 |
| Dry Mouth | 29.4 (19.2 (39.7) | 38.4 (28.1;48.7) | 68.0 (56.2;79.7) | 66.7 (53.6;79.7) | 34.9 (20.3;49.4) | 42.9 (27.2;58.6) | 31.7 (15.6;47.7) | 50.8 (34.8;66.8) | 29.4 (12.7;46.1) | 38.9 (24.7;53.1) | .618 | > 100 |
| Hepatic Symptoms | 28.4 (18.2;38.7) | 30.8 (20.6;41.1) | 21.2 (11.5;30.8) | 19.3 (7.5;31.2) | 10.3 (4.2;16.5) | 8.3 (-0.1;16.7) | 10.8 (1.6;20.1) | 7.9 (1.0;14.9) | 13.7 (4.3;23.1) | 14.0 (4.9;23.1) | .801 | > 100 |
| Altered Bowel Habits | 29.3 (18.3;40.3) | 30.2 (19.2;41.2) | 15.3 (5.7;24.9) | 23.3 (9.2;37.5) | 22.0 (10.1;22.8) | 31.0 (17.6;44.3) | 35.0 (20.4;49.6) | 38.9 (25.5;52.3) | 28.4 (14.8;42.1) | 28.7 (13.6;43.8) | .507 | > 100 |
| Body Image | 22.0 (12.9;31.2) | 21.9 (13.0;30.7) | 40.0 (28.2;51.8) | 29.0 (18.5;39.5) | 25.4 (13.1;37.7) | 31.0 (17.6;44.3) | 29.8 (15.8;43.9) | 36.7 (21.9;51.4) | 25.5 (14.6;36.4) | 35.1 (22.1;48.0) | .475 | > 100 |
| Trouble with Side Effects | 28.0 (17.0;38.9) | 29.2 (19.1;39.2) | 62.8 (53.7;71.9) | 61.1 (48.3;74.0) | 45.5 (32.2;58.7) | 49.2 (32.6;65.8) | 43.9 (29.7;58.0) | 54.0 (36.8;71.1) | 35.3 (22.2;48.4) | 50.0 (33.9;66.1) | .488 | > 100 |
| Future Worries | 78.1 (67.7;88.5) | 65.7 (52.2;79.1) | 73.1 (61.0;85.1) | 66.7 (52.6;80.8) | 63.6 (50.1;77.2) | 69.8 (53.0;86.7) | 55.0 (39.8;70.2) | 65.1 (49.8:80.4) | 54.9 (39.1;70.7) | 73.7 (57.4;89.9) | .733 | > 100 |
| Planning Activities | 40.6 (26.9;54.3) | 44.4 (31.2;57.7) | 62.8 (46.5;79.2) | 68.1 (51.6;84.5) | 40.9 (27.4;54.5) | 46.0 (28.9;63.2) | 28.3 (12.4;44.2) | 50.8 (34.2;67.4) | 29.4 (14.7;44.1) | 49.1 (31.6;66.7) | .180 | > 100 |
| Satistfaction with Health Care | 11.9 (4.0;19.8) | 26.6 (14.4;38.7) | 12.2 (4.6;19.8) | 13.9 (3.5;24.2) | 20.0 (6.5;33.5) | 25.0 (12.3;37.7) | 33.3 (17.1;49.5) | 16.7 (4.2;29.2) | 27.8 (12.9;42.6) | 5.9 (1.1;10.7) | .048 | > 100 |
| Sexuality | 27.5 (16.1;38.9) | 14.5 (4.4;24.6) | 17.8 (4.1;31.5) | 22.2 (5.5;39.0) | 24.5 (11.9;37.1) | 11.5 (1.5;21.6) | 30.2 (18.2;42.2) | 7.7 (-1.1;16.5) | 25.6 (11.0;40.1) | 6.1 (-0.6;12.7) | .474 | > 100 |