Table 3.
Association between the cohorts and the outcome variables sick leave and disability pension and the association between the covariates time (year), sex, educational level, country of birth, degree of urbanization, age category and the outcomes. Inclusion year was also used as an adjustment variable. The model also includes the interaction between the cohorts and time, which is presented in Table 4
| Sick leave | Disability pension | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | 95% CI | β | 95% CI | |||
| Cohort | ||||||
| General population (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| Non-surgical | 0.811 | [0.808 0.814] | 0.627 | [0.625 0.630] | ||
| Surgically treated once | 0.980 | [0.972 0.989] | 0.814 | [0.807 0.821] | ||
| Surgically treated ≥ 2 times | 1.259 | [1.245 1.273] | 1.113 | [1.100 1.127] | ||
| Year | ||||||
| -T5 | -0.184 | [-0.186 -0.182] | -0.289 | [-0.290 -0.289] | ||
| -T4 | -0.165 | [-0.167 -0.163] | -0.227 | [-0.228 -0.227] | ||
| -T3 | -0.144 | [-0.146 -0.142] | -0.166 | [-0.167 -0.166] | ||
| -T2 | -0.102 | [-0.104 -0.101] | -0.116 | [-0.116 -0.115] | ||
| -T1 | -0.059 | [-0.060 -0.058] | -0.055 | [-0.056 -0.055] | ||
| T0 (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| T1 | 0.026 | [0.025 0.027] | 0.053 | [0.053 0.053] | ||
| T2 | 0.015 | [0.014 0.017] | 0.101 | [0.100 0.101] | ||
| T3 | 0.021 | [0.019 0.023] | 0.145 | [0.145 0.146] | ||
| T4 | 0.010 | [0.008 0.012] | 0.182 | [0.182 0.183] | ||
| T5 | -0.041 | [-0.043 -0.039] | 0.220 | [0.220 0.221] | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| Female | 0.630 | [0.628 0.632] | 0.420 | [0.418 0.422] | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Primary and secondary school (< 9yrs) (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| Upper secondary school (10–12 yrs) | -0.097 | [-0.099 -0.095] | -0.671 | [-0.675 -0.667] | ||
| Post-secondary school (> 12 yrs) | -0.551 | [-0.554 -0.548] | -1.671 | [-1.684 -1.657] | ||
| Country of birth | ||||||
| Sweden (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| Other Nordic countries | 0.019 | [0.015 0.023] | 0.206 | [0.201 0.210] | ||
| Other European countries | 0.051 | [0.048 0.053] | 0.345 | [0.342 0.349] | ||
| Outside Europe | -0.180 | [-0.182 -0.177] | -0.053 | [-0.056 -0.049 | ||
| Degree of urbanization | ||||||
| Cities (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| Towns and suburbs | 0.085 | [0.082 0.087] | 0.045 | [0.041 0.048] | ||
| Rural areas | 0.058 | [0.056 0.060 | 0.047 | [0.043 0.051] | ||
| Age category | ||||||
| 23–25 (ref) | 0 | (ref) | 0 | (ref) | ||
| 26–30 | 0.542 | [0.537 0.547] | -0.172 | [-0.179 -0.165] | ||
| 31–35 | 0.867 | [0.863 0.872] | 0.043 | [0.036 0.049] | ||
| 36–40 | 1.038 | [1.033 1.042] | 0.401 | [0.395 0.408] | ||
| 41–45 | 1.086 | [1.082 1.091] | 0.760 | [0.754 0.765] | ||
| 46–50 | 1.123 | [1.119 1.128] | 1.109 | [1.103 1.114] | ||
| 51–55 | 1.196 | [1.191 1.200] | 1.444 | [1.438 1.449] | ||
| ≥ 56 | 1.201 | [1.196 1.205] | 1.704 | [1.699 1.710] | ||
P < 0.0001 for all values