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. 2022 May 9;12:7570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11230-8

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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MDM exposed to ALFQ upregulate MHC-II and co-stimulatory molecules. Primary human monocytes were differentiated into MDM following in vitro culture with M-CSF media. At day 4 post-culture, the cells were treated with ALF55 or ALFQ for 24 h. Untreated MDM (no adjuvant) cultures served as controls. Cells were harvested, stained, and analyzed for the expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD16, CD32 and Siglec-1. Histogram overlays show the expression of the indicated cell receptor on the gated CD14⁺MDM that were not treated with any adjuvant (black line) or were treated with ALF55 (brown line) or ALFQ (magenta line). Values shown inside the histograms are the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of the specific stain. Data are representative of triplicate wells of two independent experiments for four donors.