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. 2022 May 9;12:7570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11230-8

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© This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Large liposomes principally mediate restriction of HIV-1 infection in ALFQ-treated MDM. Primary human monocytes were differentiated into MDM following in vitro culture with M-CSF media. At day 4 post-culture, the cells were treated with ALF55, ALFQ, or ALFQsuv for 24 h. Untreated MDM (no adjuvant) cultures served as controls. Cells were washed and infected with US-1 (4 ng p24). Cultures were harvested at day 5 post-infection (p.i) and analyzed for the presence of intracellular p24 by flow cytometry and HIV-1 DNA content by qPCR. (a) Values (red boxes) in the upper right quadrant(s) of the flow plots represent the percentage of HIV-1-infected MDM under each treatment. (b) Scatter dot plots represent the data from quadruplicate wells of two donors (a) and show the percentage of HIV-1-infected MDM (mean ± s.d.) in untreated MDM (black circles), MDM treated with ALF55 (brown circles), ALFQ (magenta circles) or with ALFQsuv (cyan circles). (c) Scatter dot plots show the amount of HIV-1 per 10⁶ HIV-1-infected MDM (mean ± s.d.) in untreated MDM (black circles), MDM treated with ALF55 (brown circles), ALFQ (magenta circles) or with ALFQsuv (cyan circles) from triplicate wells of the two donors. Statistical differences between the groups were determined by One-way ANOVA. ****P < 0.0001.