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. 2022 Apr 25;13:813381. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.813381

TABLE 1.

Mean and standard deviation for each experimental group for self-regulated learning (SRL) knowledge, self-efficacy, overall SRL score, SRL subscales, mathematics overall score, and mathematics focus score on pre- and post-tests.

Group C (n = 34) Group D (n = 28) Group TD (n = 40) Group TDP (n = 34)

M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD)
SRL knowledge test
Pre-test 3.34 (1.76) 3.50 (1.59) 3.74 (1.55) 3.81 (1.79)
Post-test 3.28 (2.07) 3.54 (2.10) 7.69 (1.35) 8.43 (0.83)
Self-efficacy
Pre-test 4.23 (0.76) 4.16 (0.74) 4.04 (0.69) 4.03 (0.78)
Post-test 4.10 (0.69) 4.25 (0.77) 4.23 (0.69) 4.31 (0.69)
SRL overall score
Pre-test 3.52 (0.56) 3.72 (0.59) 3.50 (0.61) 3.65 (0.66)
Post-test 3.52 (0.65) 3.65 (0.68) 3.81 (0.67) 4.17 (0.67)
SRL goal-setting
Pre-test 4.78 (0.76) 4.90 (0.75) 4.54 (0.83) 4.79 (0.79)
Post-test 4.50 (0.88) 4.79 (0.73) 4.56 (0.74) 4.92 (0.61)
SRL planning
Pre-test 3.48 (0.97) 3.38 (1.09) 3.42 (1.17) 3.60 (0.84)
Post-test 3.54 (0.93) 3.66 (1.09) 3.98 (1.02) 4.40 (0.79)
SRL self-motivation
Pre-test 4.31 (1.28) 4.44 (1.04) 4.18 (1.02) 4.05 (1.24)
Post-test 4.28 (1.25) 4.07 (1.09) 4.50 (0.93) 4.55 (0.92)
SRL volition
Pre-test 3.21 (0.79) 3.62 (0.98) 3.24 (0.85) 3.40 (0.93)
Post-test 3.32 (0.84) 3.35 (1.06) 3.57 (0.95) 3.88 (1.08)
SRL elaboration
Pre-test 4.38 (1.00) 4.45 (1.00) 4.03 (1.06) 4.40 (0.98)
Post-test 4.06 (0.97) 4.26 (0.97) 4.23 (0.83) 4.64 (0.91)
SRL metacognition
Pre-test 2.10 (0.64) 2.24 (0.82) 2.23 (0.71) 2.31 (0.93)
Post-test 2.29 (0.74) 2.42 (0.84) 2.67 (0.75) 3.19 (1.20)
SRL reflection
Pre-test 2.79 (1.09) 3.35 (0.98) 3.16 (1.00) 3.29 (1.21)
Post-test 2.96 (1.02) 3.23 (0.99) 3.44 (1.04) 3.82 (1.06)
Mathematics overall score
Pre-test 19.48 (6.62) 19.93 (7.40) 19.89 (5.87) 18.63 (5.45)
Post-test 19.08 (7.41) 21.16 (8.10) 21.66 (5.91) 20.69 (7.00)
Mathematics focus score
Pre-test 2.95 (1.51) 2.44 (1.57) 2.64 (1.61) 2.27 (1.53)
Post-test 2.98 (1.92) 3.18 (1.94) 3.20 (1.71) 3.50 (1.62)