Table 2.

Summary of the studies regarding neuron electrostimulation in PNI

The first to study this field	The greatest contributions to this field	The stimulation site	The main mechanism of stimulation
Kosman et al., 1948	Salmons, 2009	Skeletal muscle electrical stimulation	Promote skeletal muscle regeneration and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy
Taub et al., 1974	Linderoth and Foreman, 1999	Spinal cord stimulation	Inhibit apoptosis and synaptic stripping
Burton, 1976	Johnson and Tabasam, 2003	Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation	Mediate decreased local inflammatory mediators and elevated pain thresholds
Kadekaro et al., 1985	Schmidt, 2019	Dorsal root ganglion stimulation	Suppress the excitability of the dorsal root ganglion
Gybels and Vancalenbergh, 1990	Gordon, 2016	Peripheral nerve stimulation	Promote axon regeneration and the exactness of axon growth; activated Schwann cells secrete glutamate and exosomes to enhance the ability of regeneration and inhibit apoptosis
Leem et al., 1995	Wang et al., 2019	Subcutaneous electrical stimulation	Reduce inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis and activate Aβ and Aδ fibers to relieve pain