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. 2022 Feb 28;17(10):2179–2184. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.336870

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Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research

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Mechanisms that drive fibrocyte and endothelial cell activation towards myofibroblasts.

Activated myofibroblasts are important mediators of wound healing. During tissue injury, fibroblasts can differentiate into myofibroblasts. This process is mainly driven by hypoxia and could be decreased by angiogenesis. In specific conditions, it is hypothesized that myofibroblasts can also arise from endothelial cells via endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Myofibroblasts follow several different cell fates and can participate in tissue remodeling beyond repair, leading to scar formation. Scar formation, or fibrosis, is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, collagen deposition, and contraction. Adipose-derived stem cells are found to increase angiogenesis and decrease collagen, which prevents fibrosis. Copyrighted, used, and reprinted with permission of Saffari et al. (2021b); all rights reserved.