TABLE 2.
Comparison of Sepsis-Related Data Between 3 Groups
| Variable | LD Period: Group “LD”(N = 1622) | Immediate Previous Period: Group “Pre-LD”(N = 2744) | Corresponding Period in 2019: Group “Corres-LD”(N = 2700) | P Value: Group “LD” vs. “Pre-LD” (Reference Group = “LD”) | P Value: Group “LD” vs. “Corres-LD” (Reference Group = “LD”) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with any episode of culture-positive sepsis | 25 (1.5) | 68 (2.5) | 51 (1.9) | 0.038 [OR, 1.61 (95% CI: 1.02–2.56)] | 0.4 [OR, 1.23 (95% CI: 0.76–2.00)] |
| Number of episodes of culture-positive sepsis* | N = 25 | N = 68 | N = 51 | ||
| 1 episode | 23 (92) | 59 (86.8) | 49 (96.1) | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| 2 episodes | 2 (8) | 7 (10.3) | 2 (3.9) | ||
| 3 episodes | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0) | ||
| Total number of episodes of culture-positive sepsis | 27 | 79 | 53 | … | … |
| Cumulative duration of hospital stay, person-days | 17,210 | 28,387 | 27,432 | … | … |
| Incidence rate of culture-positive sepsis (episodes/1000 patient-days) | 1.57 | 2.78 | 1.93 | 0.004 [IRR, 1.77 (95% CI: 1.13–2.85)] | 0.19 [IRR, 1.23 (95% CI: 0.76–2.04)] |
| Number of episodes with specific organisms† | N = 27 | N = 79 | N = 53 | ||
| E. coli | 4 (14.8) | 11 (13.9) | 9 (16.9) | 0.03 | 0.049 |
| K. pneumoniae | 3 (11.1) | 3 (3.8) | 4 (7.5) | ||
| A. baumannii | 0 (0) | 19 (24.0) | 11 (20.7) | ||
| S. aureus | 0 (0) | 5 (6.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| S. epidermidis | 4 (14.8) | 15 (18.9) | 14 (26.4) | ||
| Other CONS | 7 (25.9) | 16 (20.2) | 8 (15.1) | ||
| E fecalis/fecium | 1 (3.7) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Miscellaneous | 8 (29.6) | 9 (11.4) | 7 (13.2) | ||
| Incidence rate of A baumannii sepsis (episodes/1000 patient-days) | 0 | 0.67 | 0.4 | 0.0001 [IR difference, 0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–0.97)] | 0.0024 [IR difference, 0.40 (95% CI: 0.16–0.64)] |
| Incidence rate of non-A baumannii sepsis (episodes/1000 patient-days) | 1.57 | 2.11 | 1.53 | 0.09 [IRR, 1.35 (95% CI: 0.84–2.21)] | 0.46 [IRR, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.59–1.65)] |
| Antibiotic resistance among total number of episodes of sepsis† | N = 27 | N = 79 | N = 53 | ||
| Not MDR or worse | 15 (55.5) | 18 (22.8) | 12 (22.6) | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| MDR | 9 (33.3) | 35 (44.3) | 31 (58.5) | ||
| XDR | 3 (11.1) | 25 (31.6) | 10 (18.9) | ||
| PDR | 0 (0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) | ||
| Incidence rate of MDR or worse (episodes/1000 patient-days) | 0.7 | 2.1 | 1.5 | <0.001 [IRR, 3.08 (95% CI: 1.64, 6.29)] | 0.007 [IRR, 2.14 (95% CI: 1.11, 4.48)] |
| Number of episodes of MDR or worse A. baumannii sepsis | 0 | 18 | 10 | 0.007 | 0.02 |
| (0†) | (22.8†) | (18.9†) | |||
| (94.7‡) | (90.1‡) | ||||
| Number of episodes of MDR or worse non–A. baumannii sepsis† | 12 (44.4) | 43 (54.4) | 31 (58.5) | 0.37 | 0.23 |
| Any culture-positive episode treated with meropenem* | 19 (76.0) | 59 (86.8) | 44 (86.3) | 0.2 [OR, 1.23 (95% CI: 0.47–3.23)] | 0.3 [OR, 2.04 (95% CI: 0.69–6.25)] |
| Any culture-positive episode treated with colistin* | 5 (20.0) | 32 (47.1) | 19 (37.3) | 0.018 [OR, 3.03 (95% CI: 1.03–8.33)] | 0.13 [OR, 2.44 (95% CI: 0.80–7.69)] |
| Patient care area where episodes of sepsis occurred† | N = 27 | N = 79 | N = 53 | ||
| Labor room stabilization | 3 (11.1) | 27 (34.2) | 18 (33.9) | 0.02 | 0.003 |
| NICU | 17 (62.9) | 45 (56.9) | 33 (62.3) | ||
| HDU | 7 (25.9) | 7 (8.8) | 2 (3.8) | ||
| Age 1st episode of sepsis, d, median (1st, 3rd quartile) | 5 (3, 13.5) | 5 (3, 8) | 6 (3, 9) | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| 1st episode of sepsis categorized by time of onset* | |||||
| EONS | 11 (44.0) | 25 (36.8) | 13 (25.5) | 0.5 [OR for LONS = 1.35 (95% CI: 0.53–3.43)] | 0.1 [OR for LONS = 2.30 (95% CI: 0.84–6.31)] |
| LONS | 14 (56.0) | 43 (63.2) | 38 (74.5) | ||
*
Percent expressed of number of patients with any episode of culture-positive sepsis.
†
Percent expressed of total number of episodes of culture-positive sepsis.
‡
Percent expressed of all episodes of A. baumannii sepsis.
CONS indicates coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; EONS, early-onset neonatal sepsis; IR, incidence rate; IRR, IR ratio; LONS, late-onset neonatal sepsis; OR, odds ratio.