Table 1.
Diagnostic outcomes parameters and measurement | |
Sensitivity and specificity of imaging-based strategies (CXR, LDCT and LUS) | Using panel of experts as reference |
Unmasked imaging modalities in emergency | Number of unmasked imaging results (reasons shown in box 2) |
Alternative diagnoses | Standardised report at the ER |
Diagnosis of aspiration pneumonia | Diagnosis of panel of experts |
Diagnosis of viral pneumonia Diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia |
Diagnosis of panel of experts |
Additional imaging studies ordered | Number of additional CXR, thoracic CT scan and US prescribed by the clinician during the acute setting |
The association between biological markers and the presence of an infiltrate | C reactive protein, procalcitonin at admission |
Treatment outcomes parameters and measurement | |
Antibiotic free days at day 30 (for any indication) | By phone or patient record |
Clinical outcomes parameters and measurement | |
Quality of life | European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 3 Level Version (EQ-cx5D-3L) questionnaire and CAP score questionnaire40 (pneumonia-specific quality of life questionnaire) |
Length of hospital stay | Patient record |
Transfer to rehabilitation or long-term care facility | Patient record |
Transfer to the intensive care unit | Patient record |
All cause mortality All cause readmission |
Patient record, follow-up |
Cost outcomes parameters and measurement | |
Costs | Hospital financial database using the Swiss standard called REKOLE |
CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CXR, chest X-ray; ER, emergency room; LDCT, low-dose CT; LUS, lung ultrasonography; US, ultrasonography.