Fig. 3. TEM images of the as-prepared sample. (a) GR/VN NSP and (d) GR/V₂O₅ NSP. High-resolution (HRTEM) images of (b) GR/VN NSP and (e) GR/V₂O₅ NSP, inset image is the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of samples. XRD patterns: (c) GR/VN NSP and (f) GR/V₂O₅ NSP.