Statistical analysis results of the main metabolite in feces^a.

No.	Metabolites	Chemical shift (ppm)	T2DN group	Treated group	VIP values in T2DN group	VIP values in treated group
1	n-Butyrate	0.90(t), 1.56(m), 2.16(t)	↑**	↓#	2.43, 4.34	4.71, 2.00
2	Deoxycholate	0.72(s), 0.93(s), 0.97(s)	↑*	↓	2.75	2.70
3	Leucine	0.96(d), 0.97(d), 1.70(m), 1.72(m), 3.74(m)	↓**	↑##	2.43, 2.63	2.51, 2.96
4	Valine	0.99(d),1.05(d), 2.29(m), 3.62(d)	↓**	↑##	2.08	1.99
5	Propionate	1.06(t), 2.19(q)	↑**	↓	3.78, 3.95	3.00
6	3-Hydroxybutyrate	1.20(d)	↓*	↑#	1.34	1.74
7	Isoleucine	0.94(t), 1.02(d), 1.27(m), 1.48(m), 1.99(m), 3.68(d)	↓**	↑#	1.86	1.62
8	Lactate	1.33(d), 4.11(q)	↓**	↑#	1.46	1.75, 1.46
9	Alanine	1.48(d), 3.78(q)	↓**	↑##	2.23, 2.18	2.96, 3.36
10	Citrulline	1.57(m)	↑*	↓	1.64	2.15
11	Lysine	1.48(m), 1.73(m), 1.91(m), 3.03(t), 3.77(t)	↓**	↑##	1.88, 2.94	2.03, 3.36
12	Acetate	1.91(s)	↓**	↑#	2.45	2.34
13	Glutamate	2.10(m), 2.36(m), 3.78(dd)	↓**	↑##	2.18	1.95
14	Succinate	2.41(s)	↓**	↑##	2.02	1.69
15	Dimethylamine	2.71(s)	↓**	↑##	1.78	1.42
16	Trimethylamine	2.91(s)	↓**	↑##	1.48	1.45
17	Creatinine	3.05(s), 4.06(s)	↓**	↑##	2.26	2.25
18	Phenylalanine	7.44(m), 7.39(m), 7.33(m), 3.17(dd), 3.30(dd), 3.99(dd)	↓**	↑##	1.72, 1.92	1.67, 1.82
19	Tryptophan	3.31(dd), 3.50(dd), 4.07(dd), 7.33(s), 7.55(d),	↓**	↑##	2.05	1.76
20	α-Glucose	3.42(t), 3.53 (dd), 3.71(t), 3.73(dd), 3.83(m), 3.84(dd), 5.249(d)	↓**	↑##	2.35, 2.09	2.93, 2.95
21	Glycerol	3.65(dd)	↓**	↑##	2.34	3.02
22	Taurine	3.27(t), 3.43(t)	↓	↑#	—	2.25, 2.35

^a P value was measured by one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni correction. * as compared with the control group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ^# as compared with the T2DN group, ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01. The chemical shift values of marked red corresponded to the VIP values in T2DN group, while the chemical shift values of labeled green corresponded to the VIP values in treated group. ‘↑’ and ‘↓’ represented metabolites which were up- and down-regulated in T2DN group compared with control group or in treated group compared with T2DN group.