Table 4.
Hospital-admitted patient outcomes based on PPI Use* (n = 1,040).
| Active PPI use (n = 286) | Past PPI use (n = 54) | No PPI use (n = 700) | p-value***** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
COVID-related admission (n,%) |
228/286 (79.7%) | 40/53 (75.5%) | 583/695 (83.9%) | .11 |
|
Length of stay, days (median, range) |
6 (1–45) | 5 (1–56) | 5 (1–91) | .02 |
|
ICU admission** (n,%) |
77/277 (27.8%) | 20/48 (41.7%) | 198/655 (30.2%) | .03 |
|
Oxygen use (n,%) |
Mechanical ventilation: 41 (14.3%) BPAP: 2 (0.7%) Supplemental: 173 (60.5%) None: 70 (24.5%) |
Mechanical ventilation: 11 (20.4%) BPAP: 0 Supplemental: 29 (53.7%) None: 14 (25.9%) |
Mechanical ventilation: 91 (13%) BPAP: 4 (0.6%) Supplemental: 435 (62.1%) None: 170 (24.3%) |
.79 |
|
Diabetes (n,%) |
156 (54.5%) | 31 (57.4%) | 311 (44.4%) | .006 |
|
COPD* (n,%) |
98 (34.3%) | 15 (27.8%) | 114 (16.3%) | < .0001 |
|
Cardiovascular disease*** (n,%) |
177 (61.9%) | 39 (72.2%) | 232 (33.1%) | < .0001 |
|
Kidney disease (n,%) |
136 (47.6%) | 25 (46.3%) | 190 (27.1%) | < .0001 |
|
Cancer (n,%) |
74 (25.9%) | 12 (22.2%) | 91 (13%) | < .0001 |
|
Obesity**** (n,%) |
166 (58%) | 26 (48.1%) | 311 (44.4%) | < .0001 |
|
Organ Transplant (n,%) |
6 (2.1%) | 2 (3.7%) | 8 (1.1%) | .23 |
|
Sickle cell anemia (n,%) |
1 (0.3%) | 0 | 3 (0.4%) | N/A |
*PPI Proton pump inhibitor, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
**Denominators are reduced due to “N/A” responses for certain patients.
***Cardiovascular disease is a composite of cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
****Defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2.
*****Based on separate chi square or Kruskal Wallis tests, as appropriate; “N/A” indicates insufficient sample sizes for statistical compari.