Table 3.
Demographic, anthropometric and medical, lifestyle habits, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and sleep quality of participants stratified by severity of menopausal symptoms (MRS).
| Parameters | None-to moderate symptoms (n=11) |
Marked Symptoms (n=12) |
Severe Symptoms (n=77) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.0 ± 5.3 | 57.8 ± 8.5 | 56.5 ± 7.3 | 0.143 |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | 33.5 ± 4.4 | 34.0 ± 3.5 | 35.4 ± 5.8 | 0.450 |
| Grade I obesity | 8 (73%) | 8 (67%) | 49 (64%) | 0.833 |
| Grade II obesity | 2 (18%) | 3 (25%) | 13 (17%) | 0.793 |
| Grade III obesity | 1 (9%) | 1 (8%) | 15 (19%) | 0.481 |
| WC (cm) | 105 ± 11 | 102 ± 8.9 | 109 ± 14 | 0.458 |
| HC (cm) | 114 ± 9.3 | 124 ± 16 | 124 ± 16 | 0.102 |
| WHR | 0.93 ± 0.10 | 0.90 ± 0.04 | 0.88 ± 0.05 | 0.208 |
| Age at menarche (years) | 12.2 ± 1.3 | 11.8 ± 1.4 | 11.7 ± 1.6 | 0.674 |
| Age at menopause (years) | 49.2 ± 4.4 | 49.5 ± 5.5 | 48.8 ± 4.7 | 0.896 |
| Weight before menopause (kg) | 76.6 ± 20 | 78.9 ± 12 | 82.9 ± 18 | 0.462 |
| Weight gain after menopause (kg) | 10.9 ± 13 | 12.9 ± 6.1 | 9.58 ± 15 | 0.734 |
| Years since menopause | 12.2 ± 6.5 | 9.67 ± 7.3 | 8.36 ± 8.7 | 0.350 |
| Full-term pregnancies | 2 (18%) | 10 (83%) | 67 (87%) | 0.812 |
| Menopause type | ||||
| Natural menopause | 10 (91%) | 10 (83%) | 67 (87%) | 0.864 |
| Induced menopause | 1 (9%) | 2 (17%) | 10 (13%) | |
| Diseases | ||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (10%) | 0.273 |
| Hypertension | 5 (45%) | 5 (42%) | 29 (38%) | 0.867 |
| Dyslipidemia | 6 (54%) | 4 (33%) | 29 (38%) | 0.512 |
| Medications: | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 2 (18%) | 6 (50%) | 28 (36%) | 0.281 |
| Glucose-lowering drugs | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (5%) | 0.153 |
| Statins | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (9%) | 0.553 |
| Anticoagulant | 2 (18%) | 1 (8%) | 4 (5%) | 0.282 |
| Smoking | 2 (18%) | 4 (33%) | 17 (22%) | 0.636 |
| Alcohol intake | 3 (27%) | 1 (8%) | 8 (10%) | 0.250 |
| Physical activity | 2 (18%) | 1 (8%) | 18 (23%) | 0.478 |
| PREDIMED score | 9.50 ± 0.7 | 7.08 ± 1.2a | 7.83 ± 1.6 | 0.108 |
| PSQI score | 4.00 ± 1.4b | 6.08 ± 2.9b | 9.39 ± 3.5 | 0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD or n (%).
BMI, body mass index;WC, waist circumference; HC, hip circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip-ratio; PREDIMED, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea); PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
*one-way ANOVA or chi-square test. ap < 0.05 vs. “none-to moderate symptoms” class, one-way ANOVA and at least difference (LSD) post hoc test for multiple comparisons. bp< 0.05 vs. “severe symptoms” class, one-way ANOVA and at least difference (LSD) post hoc test for multiple comparisons.