Pre-treatment with CX-4945 (5 μM) (CK2, red; A and B) applied before OGD promoted consistent and sustained CAP area recovery in aging axons. ARQ-092, which is an inhibitor of activated AKT, promoted axon function recovery when applied as a pre-treatment and as a post-treatment in both 12-month-old (12 m) and 20-month-old (20 m) animals. Pre-treatment with Roscovitine (5 μM) (Roscovitine, Blue; Graph C and inset) and MK-2206 (5 μM) (MK-2206, Maroon; Graph D and inset) before OGD promoted a consistent and sustained CAP area recovery. Pre-treatment with ARQ-092 (500 nM, dark blue, E, F, G and H) applied before OGD promoted a consistent and sustained CAP area recovery. ARQ-092 (500 nM, Brown, E, F, G and H) applied after OGD promoted consistent and sustained CAP area recovery. * p <0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001, unpaired Student’s two-tailed t-test or one-way ANOVA with Newman-Keuls post hoc test.