Table 3.

Categorization student ideas of what AI is

Category	Description	Example student explanations
Incorrect	wrong ideas or naïve ideas around artificial intelligence	AI is a human intelligence processed by machines I think it means that the intelligence is artificial and needs to be grown before unlocked
Vague	vague ideas about AI	I think it's like a lot of computerized things and people make things or robots with AI. That's all I know Something artificial that can do things by itself and not have to have a human help it do a task
Societal	Focuses on the societal or ethical implications of AI	I think it is technology that can change the world. Also can be an everyday technology. But it sometimes has malfunctions What I think AI means is a program that has been made to help humans. it helps humans with their life because it helps in jobs. it can help you in so many things
General	Focuses on the general definition of AI, e.g., correct reference to human intelligence (viewing AI as explicitly different from human intelligence)	AI is intelligence demonstrated by machines unlike intelligence shown by humans and animals Artificial intelligence is about programming computers software that are able to replicate human actions
Technical	Focuses on the technical skills and knowledge around AI (e.g., data, algorithm, prediction)	A program that can process information. The information turns into an action that the AI was told to do
Complex	Includes two or more correct ideas about social, general, or technical aspects of AI	AI means intelligence made by humans in devices and technology. The intelligence is gained by training and testing a data set. It has a whole process which is called an algorithm. AI heavily affects us today and will even more in the future