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. 2022 Apr 25;13:840893. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.840893

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Copyright © 2022 Taglienti, Donati, Ferretti, Tomassoli, Sapienza, Sabatino, Di Massimo, Fiorentino, Vecchiarelli, Nota and Ragno.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fold change of zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (ZYMV-CP) (A), tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)-A (B), and relative expression of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in ZYMV-infected treated (C) and ToLCNDV-infected treated (D) at 5 d.p.i. with respect to infected no-treatment control. OV EO, O. vulgare essential oil; TV EO, T. vulgaris essential oil; RO EO, R. officinalis essential oil; OV HS, O. vulgare hydrosol; TV HS, T. vulgaris hydrosol; RO HS, R. officinalis hydrosol; Rib, ribavirin; Healthy, mock-inoculated plants. Columns represent mean value from 2 technical replicates on 3 pooled biological replicates, and bars indicate standard error (± SE).