Comparison of the presented approach with other methods for determination of different antidiabetic drugs in human plasma.

Sorbent/extraction method	Drug	LOD (ng mL−1)	DLR (ng mL−1)	r 2	RSD (%)	Separation/detection system	Ref.
Sequential HF-LPMEa	MET	1	5–2500	0.999	<8.4%	HPLC-UV	48
IP-VALLLMEb	MET	1400	20 000–2000000	0.9988	<10.8	HPLC-UV	49
IPSPEc	MET	3	50–2000	≥0.997	<9%	HPLC-UV	50
SPE cartridge	MET	1480	—	≥0.9992	<13.4	HPLC-ESI-MSne	51
SPEd cartridge	CANA	—	10.3–6019	≥0.99	—	LC-MS/MS	52
LLEf	EMPA	—	—	0.9997	<6.99	LC-MS/MS	53
MSPE	EMPA	1.3	5.0–1200.0	0.996	≤5.2	HPLC-UV	This work
	MET	6.0	20.0–1800.0	0.993	≤6.8
	CANA	0.8	5.0–1000.0	0.997	≤8.5

^aSequential hollow-fiber liquid phase microextraction.

^bIon-pair vortex assisted liquid–liquid microextraction.

^cIon pair solid phase extraction.

^dSolid phase extraction.

^eHigh performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry.

^fLiquid–liquid extraction.