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. 2022 Apr 25;13:852596. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.852596

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Copyright © 2022 Zhao, Feng and Zong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposed scheme for fusion of two plasmids to form pKPC-2_Vir by recombination. The two plasmids, pKPC-2_090515 and pVir_090515, had a 12-bp identical sequence (GTGCGCTTAATG, in bold) within a 43 bp homologous region (shown in cyan; 41 bp in pVir_090515) with 84% nucleotide identity (36/43 bp). Alignment of the homologous regions between pKPC-2_090515 and pVir-2_090515 is shown. Recombination between the two homologous regions could result in fusion of the two plasmids form a single large hybrid plasmid (pKPC-2_Vir) encoding both carbapenem resistance and virulence. Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, virulence, plasmid replicons, and conjugation are shown.