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. 2022 Apr 21;12:850744. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.850744

Figure 4.

Figure 4

U-exo treatment enhances antiviral interferon (IFN)-mediated signaling and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression. (A) A549 cells were transfected with the indicated promoter (IFN-β, IFN- λ1, IFN- λ2 and NF-κB)-driven firefly luciferase plasmids and a constitutively active Renilla luciferase construct (pRL-TK) for 24 h, followed by the infection with mock or IFV A/PR8delNS1 at an MOI of 1. Six hours later, cell lysates were harvested and subjected to luciferase assay. Values are expressed as mean of two independent experiments. (B, C) A549 cells were infected with mock (B) or IFV A/PR8delNS1 (C) at an MOI of 1. After viral attachment, cells were treated with control (Ctl), U-exo (Exo) for 4h, after which host gene expression levels were measured using RT-qPCR. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the means from two independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, vs. Ctl-treated cells. (D) The protein levels of RIG-I, MAVS, phospho-TBK/total TBK, phospho-IRF3/total IRF3, phospho-STAT1/total STAT1, Mx1 and IFV A NP were measured by immunoblot analysis.